Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Heart Development > Flashcards

Heart Development Flashcards

1
Q

at what week does heart development begin

A

week 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the first sign of heart formation is a solid horseshoe shaped endothelial cord within the _____________

A

cardiogenic mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cardiogenic mesoderm is derived from what type of mesoderm

A

splanchnic mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe the heart formation process known as vasculogenesis

A

angioblasts form cell clusters which turn into islands lined with endothelial cells, which form channels that fuse = solid horseshoe endothelial cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when does the solid horseshoe shaped endothelial cord start to canalize

A

week 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

prior to the head fold, where is the primordial heart tube in reference to the opopharyngeal membrane

A

heart is rostral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what causes the formation of the horseshoe shaped endothelial cord to become the primordial heart tube (endocardial tube)

A

lateral body folding causes endothelial cord to fuse at the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what causes the primardial heart tube to move caudal to the oropharyngeal membrane

A

cranial caudal folding (head fold)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where is the primordial heart tube in reference to the pericardial cavity before and after head folding

A

before - ventral to pericardial cavity

after - dorsal to pericardial cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what vessel delivers oxygen to the fetal primordail heart from the mother ?

A

umbilical vein and cardinal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the function of the umbilical arteries in fetal circulation

A

output of deoxygenated blood back to mother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how oxygenated is the blood of the umbilical a. and v. in fetal circulation

A

umbilical v - partially deoxy

umbilical a. completely deoxygenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the mesentary the suspends the primordial heart tube, when does this degenerate, and what does it form/become

A

dorsal mesocardium

  • degenerates at day 22-28
  • becomes transverse pericardial sinus in adult heart (known as the great vessel area)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the layers of the primitive heart tube from deep to superficial

A
  • endocardium
  • cardiac jelly
  • myocardium (cardiac m.)
  • epicardium (visceral pericardium_
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

as the heart tube elongates craniocaudally it forms dilations and constrictions. What are the 4 from dilations cranial to caudal

A
  • Bulbus cordis
  • primordial ventricle
  • primordial atrium
  • sinus venosus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the 2 components of the bulbus cordis and what do they become in the adult heart

A
  • truncus arteriosus —-> pulmonary trunk and aorta

- conus cordis —-> right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does the primordial ventricle become in the adult heart

A

left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does thr primordial atrium become in the adult heart

A
  • R and L auricles

- portions of atria

19
Q

what does the sinus venosus become in the adult heart

A

coronary sinus and sinus venarum

20
Q

what are the 2 main constrictions in the elongating heart tube during development, and what do the become in the adult heart

A
  • bulboventricular sulcus —> primary interventricular foramen
  • atrioventricular sulcus —> atrioventricular canal
21
Q

when does the heart begin to beat

A

day 22 or 23

22
Q

explain the orientation of how the cranial loop forms from the elongated heart tube, when does this occur

A

cranial end shifts ventral, caudal and to the right

caudal end shifts dorsal and superiorly

23
Q

the formation of the the heart loop all occurs with the ________ cavity

A

pericardial

24
Q

explain the path of circulation through the primordial heart starting at the sinus venosus

A

sinus venosus —> primordial atrium —> atrioventricular canal —> primordial ventricle (left ventricle) —-> interventicular foramen —-> right ventricle —-> conus cordis —> truncus arteriosus —> aortic sac —> pharyngeal arches —> dorsal aortae

25
when does the partitioning of the heart occur (partitioning into seperate atria and ventricles)
week 4-7
26
in the partitioning of the heart, what cells near the atrioventricular canal revert back to the mesenchymal state and proliferate, and why is this importnant
endothelial cells | -proliferation causes endocardium to bulge forming dorsal and ventral endocardial cushions
27
what is the importance of the dorsal and ventral endocardial cushions
As cushions get bigger they fuse forming the | -atrioventricular septum
28
once the atriooventricular septum is formed from the endocardial cushions, what remains to allow for circulation to continue
separate R and L atrioventricular canals
29
in partitioning of the atrium, what are the original two septa that fuse to form the interatrial septum
- septum primum | - septum secundum
30
of the septum of the interatrial septum, which develops first, and where does it develop from
septum primum | -develops from roof of primordial atrium like a moon crescent coming down
31
as septum primum continues to grow inferiorly it will fuse with ____________.
endocardial cushion
32
what is the opening left b/w septum primum and the endocardial cushions after fusion occurs
foramen primum
33
how does foramen secundum form ?
As perforations in septum primum
34
where is foramen secundum located in reference to foramen primum
cranial or higher than foramen primum
35
how does foramen ovale form ?
As septum secundum grows inferiorly to fuse w/endocardial cushions, it leaves an opening called foramen ovale
36
where does septum primum grow in relation to septum secundum
septum secundum grows to the right of primum, and grows much thicker
37
Blood circulation in the fetus after partitioning has occured flows strictly from R to L atria b/c it can avoid the pulmonary circuit. What 2 openings does blood flow through to do this ?
Goes R to L thorugh foramen ovale and foramen secundum
38
when does foramen primum close ?
gradually closes off as foramen secundum forms
39
when does the pulmonary bypass STOP ?
First breath of baby
40
After birth and the first breath, what happens to foramen ovale ?
Pressure in L atria exceeds R atria so by force foramen ovale is fused against septum secundum and it closes off. -Becomes fossa ovalis
41
what is fossa ovalis
depression in wall of adult R atria - remmnant of foramen ovale in primordial circulation
42
what are the portions of the interventricular septum and what is the role of each
muscular portion - grows cranially towards endothelial cushions but doesnt fuse membranous portion - fuses
43
where is the membranous portion of the interventricular septum derived from ?
mesenchyme of the endocardial cushion tissue
44
what is the most commom congenital heart defect
ventricular septal defect - failure of interventricular septum to form * **results in mixing of arterial and venous blood***

Anatomy (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions