HLTH 2501: STDs

Question 1

STDs

Answer 1

encompass a broad range of infectious diseases that are spread by sexual contact; some are declining but some are rising

Question 2

concerns of STDs

Answer 2

recurrent infections, more than one may be present at a single time, spread is easy due to some being asymptomatic, some have no cures, there are risks associated with infections, fetuses can become infected, and partners can be hard to trace

Question 3

most common STD

Answer 3

chlamydia

Question 4

leading cause of PID

Answer 4

chlamydia

Question 5

causative agent in chlamydia

Answer 5

C trachomatis which is a gram-negative obligate intracellular parasite that requires s host cell to reproduce

Question 6

how does chlamydia develop?

Answer 6

the infectious agent invades the epithelial tissues of the urogenital tract, causing inflammation

Question 7

lymphogranuloma venereum

Answer 7

occurs when C trachomatis can enter the lymph nodes and cause infection here

Question 8

females and chlamydia

Answer 8

they are asymptomatic until PID develops; some may experience urethritis, bartholinitis, servictis, or salpingitis

Question 9

men and chlamydia

Answer 9

urethritis (dysuria, itching, and white discharge from the penis) and epididymitis (painful, swollen scrotum, fever, and swollen lymph nodes); rectal inflammation (proctitis) may occur in those practicing anal intercourse

Question 10

newborns and chlamydia

Answer 10

can be infected during passage through the cervix and vagina, resulting in conjunctivitis or pneumonia

Question 11

treatment for chlamydia

Answer 11

tetracycline or azithromycin

Question 12

STDs seen in conjunction

Answer 12

chlamydia and gonorrhea

Question 13

treatment for chlamydia and gonorrhea

Answer 13

doxycycline and azithromycin

Question 14

gonorrhea causative organism

Answer 14

N gonorrhoeae which is a gram-negative aerobic diplococcus that uses the pili to attach to epithelial cells and then damage th mucosa

Question 15

most common site of gonorrhea in males

Answer 15

the urethra, resulting in dysuria and a purulent urethral discharge

Question 16

most common site of gonorrhea in females

Answer 16

the endocervical canal (asymptomatic) or the skene and bartholin glands, causing thick greenish, yellow, or creamy white discharge

Question 17

gonorrhea complications

Answer 17

in men in can persist to epididymitis and for women PID or gonococcal arthritis

Question 18

newborns and gonorrhea

Answer 18

may become infected during birth resulting in an eye infection called ophthalmia neonatorum

Question 19

orogenital contact of gonorrhea

Answer 19

can lead to pharyngitis, tonsillitis, or lymphadenopathy

Question 20

treatment for gonorrhea

Answer 20

is often resistant to common antibiotics like tetracycline or penicillin

Question 21

syphilis causative organism

Answer 21

is treponema pallidum, an anaerobic spirochete

Question 22

syphilis primary stage

Answer 22

is identifiable by the presence of a chancre where organisms reproduce (this is asymptomatic in females); this heals on its own

Question 23

chancre

Answer 23

a painless, firm, ulcerated nodule that develops at the point of contact on the skin or mucosa about 3 weeks after exposure

Question 24

syphilis secondary stage

Answer 24

the chancre has healed and the organisms have entered the general circulation, causing a widespread rash, resulting in infection symptoms of malaise, fever, sore throat, stomatitis, and anorexia

Question 25

where does the syphilis rash appear?

Answer 25

the rash appears maculopapular and red, particularly on the plate, the palms of the hands, and the soles of the feet

Question 26

latent stage of syphilis

Answer 26

this can persist for years and can be recurrent skin lesions

Question 27

tertiary syphilis

Answer 27

final stage of syphilis and not met by all; occurs when a gumma lesion appears (an area of necrosis and fibrosis) that leads to destruction in the bone, liver, cardiovascular system, and CNS

Question 28

4 stages of syphilis

Answer 28

primary stage, second stage, latent stage, and tertiary syphilis

Question 29

how is the CNS affected by syphilis?

Answer 29

dementia, blindness, and motor disabilities (tabes dorsalis)

Question 30

newborns and syphillis

Answer 30

can develop congenital syphilis, causing abnormalities in the bones like saddle nose, in the teeth like hutchinson incisors and mulberry molars, and inflammation and fibrosis in the liver and lungs

Question 31

transmission of syphillis

Answer 31

by exudate from the skin, mucosal lesions, or body fluids during sexual contact

Question 32

treatment for syphillis

Answer 32

long acting benzathine penicillin G or doxycycline and tetracycline

Question 33

treatment for neurosyphilis infections

Answer 33

ceftriaxone

Question 34

mycoplasma genitalium

Answer 34

the bacterium colonizes the urethra and genital tract but does no cause symptoms, but can inflame the urethra

Question 35

shigella flexneri

Answer 35

is a bacterium that typically cause an GI tract infection through the consumption of water, improper hand washing, or anal sex

Question 36

complications of shigella flexneri

Answer 36

bacteremia, toxic megacolon, reactive arthritis, or other complications

Question 37

why are viral infections dangerous?

Answer 37

they reduce the severity of the acute stage of infection by inhibiting the viral reproduction and shedding

Question 38

what is herpes genitalis caused by?

Answer 38

HSV-2 and sometimes HSV-1

Question 39

gential herpes

Answer 39

created lesions that tingle and burn, and appears as a vesicle surrounded by an erythematous area that eventuality ruptures

Question 40

genital herpes in women

Answer 40

usually appears on the cervix, vulva, or urethra

Question 41

genital herpes in men

Answer 41

appears on the penis, scrotum, or urethra

Question 42

signs of genital herpes

Answer 42

vesicles that may be painful, systemic signs like fever and headache

Question 43

what triggers reactivation of herpes?

Answer 43

stress or respiratory infections

Question 44

signs a herpes infection is being reactivated

Answer 44

burning or tingling before the lesion appears

Question 45

herpes and newborns

Answer 45

is a vaginal delivery is done, death and sereve CNS damage may occur in the infant so a C section is advocated

Question 46

treatment for genital herpes

Answer 46

antiviral agents like acyclovir

Question 47

name for genital warts

Answer 47

condylomata acuminata

Question 48

genital warts causative organism

Answer 48

are caused by HPV which is a circular, double-stranded DNA virus

Question 49

genital warts

Answer 49

causes warts (condylomata) to develop that can be soft, flat, or large and hard

Question 50

women and genital warts

Answer 50

can grow with pregnancy and are often found in the cervix or vagina; they can also cause cervical cancer

Question 51

removal of genital warts

Answer 51

surgery, laser, cryotherapy, and topical caustics

Question 52

trichomoniasis causative organism

Answer 52

is T vaginalis which is an anaerobic flagellated protozoan, which is an extracellular parasite

Question 53

trichomoniasis in men

Answer 53

is usually symptomatic but can reside in the urethra

Question 54

trichomoniasis in women

Answer 54

can be subclinical and then flare up when the microbial balance of the vagina shifts; the organism the attaches to the squamous epithelium of the vagina, the urethral mucosa or to the bartholin glands

Question 55

trichomoniasis and discharge

Answer 55

can cause a copious, yellow foul smelling discahrge

Question 56

treatment for trichomoniasis

Answer 56

metronidazole or tinidazole in both partners