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Small Animal Internal Medicine > Infectious Diseases: Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases: Antimicrobials Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

What is the MOA of sulfonamides?

A

Synergistic inhibition of folate metabolism, resulting in inhibition of purine (DNA/RNA) synthesis

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2
Q

What does Trimethoprim inhibit?

A

Dihydrofolate reductase

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3
Q

What are sulfonamides a competitive inhibitor of?

A

Pteridin synthase

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4
Q

What is the spectrum of sulfonamides?

A

Broad spectrum (Gram + and - especially Nocardia)

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5
Q

In which tissue do sulfonamides have great penetration?

A

Prostate

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6
Q

What are the adverse effects of sulfonamides? (5)

A
  1. Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia
  2. Hepatotoxicity
  3. Bone marrow suppression
  4. KCS
  5. Polyarthritis
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7
Q

What is TMS?

A

Trimethroprim-sulfonamide

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8
Q

Is TMS bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bactericidal

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9
Q

What 3 tests would you use to monitor adverse effects associated with sulfonamides?

A
  1. Shirmer tear test
  2. Liver panel
  3. CBC
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10
Q

Name 4 aminoglycosides…

A
  1. Neomycin
  2. Tobramycin
  3. Amikacin
  4. Gentamicin
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11
Q

What is the MOA of aminoglycosides?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunit

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12
Q

Against which class of bacteria do aminoglycosides have excellent activity?

A

Gram -

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13
Q

Which class of bacteria have intrinsic resistance to aminoglycosides?

A

Anaerobes

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14
Q

Because aminoglycosides have poor oral absorption, how can you administer them?

A

SQ, IM, IV

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15
Q

What are the adverse effects of aminoglycosides?

A
  1. Ototoxicity

2. Nephrotoxicity

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16
Q

What is the MOA of chloramphenicol?

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis by binding 50S ribosomal subunit

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17
Q

What is the spectrum of chloramphenicol?

A

Broad (+/-) and anaerobes

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18
Q

What are the 3 adverse effects associated with chloramphenicol?

A
  1. Irreversible aplastic anemia
  2. Reversible bone marrow suppression
  3. GI effects
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19
Q

Name 3 tetracyclines….

A
  1. Doxycycline
  2. Tetracycline
  3. Minocycline
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20
Q

What is the MOA of the tetracycline?

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A

Inhibition of protein synthesis by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit

21
Q

What is the spectrum of tetras?

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A
  1. Gram +
  2. Some gram -
  3. Intracellular bacteria
22
Q

What are the adverse effects associated with tetras?

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A
  1. Teeth discoloration (tetracycline specifically)
  2. Hepatotoxicity
  3. Vomiting
  4. Esophageal strictures
23
Q

Name a lincosamide…

24
Q

Name a macrolide…

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Azithromycin
  2. Clarithromycin
  3. Tylosin
25
What is the MOA of the Lincosamides and Macrolides?
Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunit
26
Where do Lincosamides achieve high concentrations?
Leukocytes
27
Where do Macrolides achieve high concentrations?
Tissues
28
What is the spectrum of lincosamides?
1. Gm + 2. Anaerobes 3. Protozoa
29
What are the AE associated with lincosamides?
Esophagitis in cats
30
What is the spectrum of macrolides?
1. Gm + 2. Some gm - 3. Mycobacterium
31
What is the AE associated with macrolides?
Antibiotic-responsive diarrhea
32
What is the MOA of the azoles?
Interfere with ergosterol synthesis inhibition of 14a-demethylase
33
Are the azoles fungistatic or fungicidal?
Fungistatic
34
Name 2 classes of azoles...
1. Imidazoles | 2. Triazoles
35
Name 3 imidazoles...
1. Ketoconazole 2. Clotrimazole 3. Enilconazole
36
Name 4 triazoles...
1. Itraconazole 2. Fluconazole 3. Voriconazole 4. Posaconazole
37
Which has good bioavailability, the imidazoles or the triazoles?
Triazoles (the imidazoles have poor bioavailability and should only be used topically)
38
What are the 4 adverse effects associated with azoles?
1. Hepatitis 2. Inhibition of mammalian p450 3. Teratogenic 4. Ulcerative lesions in dogs with itraconazole
39
Which azole is the most hepatotoxic?
Ketoconazole
40
What are the 2 MOA of amphotericin B?
1. Causes pores in the cell membrane by binding to sterols | 2. Macrophage activation
41
Is amphotericin B fungistatic or fungicidal?
Fungistatic at low doses Fungicidal at high doses
42
What are the adverse effects associated with amphotericin B?
Nephrotoxicity
43
What is the MOA of 5-flucytosine?
Interferes with DNA replication
44
What is 5-flucytosine?
A fluorinated pyrimidine
45
What organisms is 5-flucytosine effective against?
1. Cryptococcus | 2. Candida
46
What are the adverse effects associated with 5-flucytosine?
1. Cutaneous drug eruption in dogs 2. Myelosuppression 3. Resistance
47
How can you prevent resistance to 5-flucytosine?
NEVER USE ALONE: Always combine with another anti-fungal drug.
48
What is the MOA of terbinafine?
Inhibition of squalene epoxidase --> intracellular accumulation of squalene --> cell lysis
49
What is the adverse effect associated with terbinafine in the cat?
Facial pruritis

Small Animal Internal Medicine (36 decks)

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