Intravenous Therapy (IV)

Question 1

why are IV fluids used

Answer 1

Quick way to replace nutrients water and electrolytes

Question 2

What are the three types of IV fluid

Answer 2

isotonic
Hypotonic
hypertonic

Question 3

Describe isotonic fluid

Answer 3

Similar concentration to blood. Will not cause water to move in or out of cell so cell remains normal.

Question 4

Isotonic Fluid Examples

Answer 4

0.9% Normal Saline
Lactated Ringer
5% Dextrose Water (D5W)

Question 5

Why do we give isotonic Fluids

Answer 5

Diabetic ketoacidosis
Burns - to replace sodium and chloride
0.9 Normal Saline is ALWAYS giving with blood

Question 6

Describe hypotonic Fluids and give examples

Answer 6

Les concentrated than blood. Water moves into the cell, causing it to swell or increase.

Question 7

Hypotonic fluids examples

Answer 7

0.45% normal saline
0.33% normal saline
2.5 dextrose water

Question 8

Hypotonic fluids should NOT be given for what

Answer 8

ICP
Trauma
Burns
Causes swelling

Question 9

Why should we give hypotonic fluids

Answer 9

Dehydration
Hypernatremia
BP lowered

Question 10

Why do we closely monitor hypotonic fluids

Answer 10

Rapid increase in fluid shifting into cells can cause cerebral and cellular edema

Question 11

Hypertonic Fluids

Answer 11

More concentrated than blood, water moves out of cell, shrinking it

Question 12

Examples of hypertonic fluids

Answer 12

5% normal saline
5% dextrose in normal saline
Dextrose in normal saline
5% dextrose in lactated ringers
5% dextrose in 0.45% normal saline

Question 13

Why would we give hypertonic fluids

Answer 13

Hypovolemia (low BP)
Add sodium and other electrolytes while adding minimal water

Question 14

Why should hypertonic fluids be closely monitored

Answer 14

Electrolyte imbalance and dehydration

Question 15

Which conditions are contradicted for hypertonic fluids

Answer 15

Cellular dehydration
kidney damage
heart disease

Question 16

Before the nurse starts IV fluids

Answer 16

Assess the IV site

Question 17

What must you have before you start an IV

Answer 17

a doctors order

Question 18

How are IV’s administered

Answer 18

IV pump
Gravity pump

Question 19

what is a piggyback

Answer 19

Secondary infusion hung off the primary - typically an antibiotic or electrolyte (magnesium or potassium) and are intermediate

Question 20

Extravasation IV Complication

Answer 20

Leakage of a vesicant into intravascular tissue

Question 21

Extravasation IV Cause

Answer 21

Dislodged catheter
Occluded Vein

Question 22

Extravasation IV Clinical Signs

Answer 22

Pain
Red
Swelling
Fluid leaking from the site
Numbness and tingling, blistering or necrosis

Question 23

Extravasation IV nursing interventions

Answer 23

STOP iv
Elevate extremity
Antidote if there is one
Monitor and photograph the site
Do not remove the IV if it is a vesicant - leave it in place

Question 24

Infiltration

Answer 24

Leakage of an IV fluid or medication into extravascular tissue (NOT vesicant)

Question 25

Infiltration Cause

Answer 25

Dislodged catheter Occluded vein

Question 26

Infiltration Clinical Signs

Answer 26

Pain Red Swell Fluid leaking from IV site Tight skin and blanching

Question 27

Infiltration Nursing Interventions

Answer 27

STOP the IV Elevate the extremity Apply warm compress Insert new IV in opposite arm

Question 28

Phlebitis

Answer 28

Inflammation around the IV

Question 29

Phlebitis Cause

Answer 29

Irritating solutions Rapid infusion rates Prolonged use of the same catheter

Question 30

Phlebitis Clinical Signs

Answer 30

Pain Red Swelling Increased skin temp

Question 31

Phlebitis Nursing Intervention

Answer 31

STOP the infusion Frequently monitor the site Warm compress Insert new IV on opposite extremity

Question 32

Common IV Vesicants

Answer 32

Diazepam Dopamine Calcium chloride Potassium