Lecture 12 DA Flashcards
(40 cards)
What can be found at the iliocaecal junction?
The iliocaecal opening is found. Inferiorly is the caecuma and appendix. Above is the ascending colon.
What are the names of the 6 regions of the colon?
It begins with the ascending colon. Inferior to it is the caecum and appendix. The ascending colon becomes the transverse colon at the hepatic flexure. The transverse colon becomes the descending colon at the splenic flexure. Descending colon becomes the sigmoidal colon as it enters the pelvis. It becomes the rectum past the rectosigmoidal junction.
What direction are the muscles of the colon? What are the outer muscles called?
The inner muscles are circular, while the outermost are longitudinal. The outermost form 3 distinct bands called tenia coli.
What are haustra, and how are they formed?
They are pouch-like structures on the colon, caused by the tenia coli.
What are the fat pads hanging off the haustra called?
Epiploic appendices.
What direction does the verbiform appendix have? What is its histology?
The appendix is found at the merge of the three tenia coli bands. The appendix extends downwards into the pelvis, called pelvic appendix. In some people, it may extend upward instead, called retrocaecal appendix. It has mostly lymph nodes.
What happens to the colon at the hepatic flexure?
It goes from ascending to transverse colon.
What happens at the splenic flexure?
It goes from transverse to descending colon.
What is the caecum?
Blind ending pouch, below the iliocaecal junction.
What happen to tenia coli at the rectosigmoidal junction?
They fan out to become a continuous muscle.
Where is the liver found?
It fills the upper right quadrant, above the right costal margin.
What are the surfaces of the liver?
It has a smooth diaphragmatic surface, and an impressioned visceral surface.
What is the falciform ligament?
It connects the left and right liver. The right lobe is bigger.
Which lobe of the liver is bigger?
Right.
What does the falciform ligament attach the liver to?
To the anterior abdominal wall.
What is found at the base of the falciform ligament?
The ligamentum teres hepatis, which once had a vascular bundle for foetal (gosh darnit jimmeh), originating from the umbilicus.
Describe the lobes found on the visceral surface of the liver.
Rather than being split up-down for 2 lobes, itthe visceral surface is split by a H, for 4 lobes. There is still a left and right, but the upper quadrant within the H is known as the caudate lobe, while the lower quadrant is known as quadrate lobe.
Categorise the liver by lobes, in terms of functionality.
Functional left liver = caudate + quadrate + left lobe.
Functional right liver = right lobe + gall bladder.
Where is the gall bladder found relative to the liver?
It is found on the liver’s quadrate lobe. Its duct is found on the right.
Where does the liver drain?
Direct to the IVC.
Describe the vessels of the liver.
On the left, the proper hepatic artery is found, splits into the left and right hepatic artery.
It is followed by the common hepatic duct.
Behind both of these is the portal vein, which supplies blood from the gastrointestinal circulation to the liver (ie. products of digestion). It does NOT drain the liver.
What is the porta hepatis?
Hilum of the liver.
What is found at the porta hepatis?
The proper hepatic artery, it hasn’t branched yet, but does so when it enters the liver. It is found on the left.
Followed by common cystic duct,
Behind both, the portal vein.
Where is the IVC relative to the liver?
It is embedded within the liver superiorly, between the caudate and left lobes. The hepatic vein drains direct to the IVC.
