Lecture 7 RH Flashcards
(42 cards)
What is the function of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?
The fibrous skeleton of the heart is important for anchoring the valves.
The fibrous skeleton provides structural support for the heart
What is the function of the vagus nerve?
vagus nerve decreases heart rate and force of contraction. It runs anteriorly to the root of the lung.
Where do the sympathetic preganglionic neurons that innervate the heart originate from?
Preganglionic neurons originate from T1-T4 lateral horns and synapse at the sympathetic trunk.
What nerves does the cardiac plexus contain?
Contains sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons bundled up in a hard to distinguish manner.
Where do the visceral afferent neurones that arise from the heart enter the spinal cord?
visceral afferent neurones (bald eagle screech) end up in T1 -T4
What are the components of the pericardium?
pericardium is a double layered membrane with a visceral layer around the heart and a parietal layer of serous pericardium.
Pericardium anchors the heart to the diaphragm’s central tendon.
How does the heart beat without being inhibited by the structures around it?
Fluid around the heart within the serous membrane allows less friction to exist.
What is the endocardium?
Endo cardium is the inside layer of the heart which is in contact with the blood the heart is pumping
What is the epicardium?
Epicardium is equiavalent to the visceral pleura
What is the myocardium?
The intermediate layer between the epi and endo cardium. This layer consists mostly of the muscle.
What is a probable problem of the pericardial space?
effusion can occur into it which would limit ventricle contraction.
What nerves innervate the pericardium?
Right and left phrenic nerves give branches to the pericardium and the afferent fibers go to C3,4,5.
What are pericardial sinuses?
pericardial sinuses are spaces inside pericardial cavity.
What is the outermost layer of the pericardium?
The fibrous pericardium.
What are the types of sinuses present in the pericardium?
Transverse sinuses
Oblique sinuses
What is the clinical significance of the oblique sinus of the pericardium?
Deepest and most inferior part when patient is on their back which means this is the location where fluid effusion can occur. As a result of this the left ventricle and atrium can suffer.
Where does the oblique sinus of the pericardium run?
pericardial cavity behind the heart near the apex the pericardium runs obliquely and forms the oblique sinus.
Where does the transverse sinus of the pericardium run?
behind the roots of the aorta and pulmonary trunk anteriorly and the pulmonary veins inferiorly.
What is the clinical significance of the transverse sinus?
Roots in and around and behind and around the aorta and pulmonary trunk can be accessed through this sinus.
What landmarks are coronary arteries commonly associated with?
The grooves of the heart
Where do the coronary arteries originate from?
2 main arteries; taking origin from ascending aorta (first branch) directly superior to the semilunar aortic valves.
Where does the left coronary artery run and what branches does it give off?
Left coronary artery runs behind the pulmonary trunk and gets access to left atrioventricular groove and all the way around posterior aspect of the heart. It forms 2 branches; anterior interventricular branch and the circumflex branch. Left coronary artery wraps around left side of the heart and gives off a marginal branch to provide blood to the left ventricle.
What is another name for the anterior interventricular branch?
anterior interventricular branch is also known as the left descending artery.
Where does the right coronary artery run and what branches does it give off?
Right coronary artery runs through right atrioventricular groove and gives off right marginal artery as it wraps around the back of the heart and continues posteriorly to the midline of the heart. It usually gives off the posterior interventricular branch. It also gives a branch to the sinoatrial node and the atrioventricular node.
