Lecture 17 DA Flashcards
(34 cards)
What contains the pelvic viscera?
The lesser pelvis, found within the pelvis, It is the true pelvis.
What is found above the true pelvis?
The false pelvis. It has no bony anterior border.
What seperates the true and false pelvises?
The iliopectineal line. Pectineus muscle attaches here.
How do female pelvises differ from male ones?
They are wider, with a bigger true pelvis. The sub pubic arch is very wide and open, but acute in males.
What is the shape of the pelvic inlet in males vs females?
In males, it is heart-shaped, while in females it is wider and oval-shaped.
How do the ischial spine differ between male and females?
In males, it projects medially, but not in females.
What are the percentages for pelvic shape type?
Gynaecoid (ideal for foetus passage) - 50%
Android (narrower and longer, true pelvis is funnel shaped) - 30%
Anthropoid (closer to apes) - 18%
Platypelloid (flattened and wider) - 2%
How is the pelvis oriented? Why is this so? Is there sexual dimorphism?
Pelvis is tilted forwards, pubic bone is more superior.
Lumbar spine has a lordotic curvature, hence the tilt.
Females have a more pronounced lordosis, so bigger tilt.
What filles the obturator foramen?
Obturator membrane.
What are the ilium, ischium and pubis? Where do they join?
They are epiphyseal plates. They join at the acetabulum.
What plane are the ovaries or seminal vesicles found?/
Plane connecting the tip of the coccyx to the pubic bone.
What shape is the inlet and outlet?
Inlet iis circular while outlet is diamond shaped, formed from two triangles, the urogenital anterior and anal triangle posterior.
Where is the narrow pelvic plane that a foetal (dont invade plz) head must pass through?
S4-inferior pubic symphysis.
How does the foteal head pass through the narrow pelvic plane?
Head comes in transversely, fits through the pelvic inlet. The skull is smaller than the inlet and is rotated by the pelvic floor. Chin is pushed against its chest, narrowest diameter.
During birth, what happens if a child’s chin doesn’t press against its chest?
Diameter can increase by up to 4cm, harder to give birth.
What are fontanelles?
Spaces that allow cranial bones to slide across each other and make birth easier.
What are the 5 apertures of the pelvis?
The pelvic inlet.
Interior sacral foraminae to the back.
Obturator canal – to lower limb, via obturator foramen.
Greater sciatic foramen, to lower limb.
lesser sciatic foramen, to perineum and gluteal.
What is the most important bone in forensic investigation?
Pelvis.
What are some clues in the pelvis for age?
Pubic symphysis has transverse ridges which disappear in old age, becoming more osteophytic.
What is a consequence of the weight of the abdomen on the pelvis? What is it resisted by?
Causes the pelvis to want to rotate further forward, along the axis of S2. Resisted by interosseus sacroiliac, sacrospinous, sacrotuberous and iliolumbar ligaments.
What is the reverse keystone effect?
Sacrum sinks forward into the pelvis, posterior ligaments are drawn tight and draw iliac bones together. Increases stability.
What kind of joint is the pubic symphysis?
Secondary cartilaginous joint.
Describe the sacroiliac joint.
Synovial at the front, fibrous at the back.
What do posterior pelvic ligaments do?
Resist nutation.
