Lecture 24 DA Flashcards
(39 cards)
What are the two divisions of the external iliac artery?
Posterior branch - to the parietal body wall.
Anterior branch - To the body wall and viscera (to viscera is variable).
What are the arteries of the posterior branch of the external iliac artery (3 of them)?
Iliolumbar, lateral sacral and superior gluteal arteries.
What are the arteries of the antterior branch of the external iliac artery (3 of them)?
Obturator, inferior gluteal and internal pudendal arteries.
What is a feature of the uterine and vaginal artery in regards to pregnancy?
The two anastamose, and are convoluted and tortuous so that when the uterus expands when pregnant, the two can expand with it.
Facial arteries are similar.
What is meant by end organs? Where can they be found?
Means arteries will end there, and dnt anastamose. Occurs in the extremities.
Why shouldn’t vasoconstrictors be injected into end organs?
It can cause avascularity and possibly gangrene due to the lack of anastamoses.
Do veins within the pelvic cavity have valves?
No.
Where do the vesical, prostatic and uterovaginal veins drain?
To the internal iliac vein.
Where does the prostate venous plexus drain to? What is the clinical significance of this?
Normally to tributaries of the IVC. Cancer can spread due to this, forming secondary metastasis in bone, liver, brain and neural tissue.
Where can the prostate drain to aside from tributaries to the IVC?
Retrogradely to the vertebral canal via anterior sacral veins.
What happens to cavernous vessels during erection?
They are constricted during erection, filling them with blood.
What is a possible complication of prostatectomy?
Damage of the erectile nerves is possible, as well as blood vessels.
Where does the superior rectal vein drain to?
To the inferior mesenteric vein, at the common iliac vein bifurcation level.
How does the superior rectal vein communicate with the internal iliac vein below?
Via the inferior and middle rectal veins.
What system is the superior rectal vein part of?
Portal system.
What system are the inferior and middle rectal veins part of?
Systemic.
What happens to the rectal veins during portal hypertension?
They will distend, forming varices, and can distend out of the anal canal, called haemorrhoids.
What is the difference between visceral and somatic haemorrhoids?
Visceral haemorrhoids are found in the upper anal canal, and cause some discomfort.
Somatic haemorrhoids are found much lower down and are extremely painful.
What can be said of the lymph drainage of the pelvis?
Accompanies the veins.
What does the superficial inguinal node drain?
Skin of the perineum.
Where does pelvic vicera lymph drain to?
Deep inguinal node.
Where does the superficial inguinal node drain to?
To the deep inguinal node.
Where does scrotum lymph drain to?
To inguinal nodes.
Where does testes lymph drain to? What is a consequence of this?
To para aortic abdominal wall nodes. Cancer is difficult to observe, but can be palpated by checking the left superior clavicular node, a sentinel node. Swollen if cancer is present.
