Flashcards in Medical Issues Ch. Immune System Deck (35):
1
infecton
a normal immune system response that defends the body against foreign microorganisms
physical, behavioral, psychological, environmental, and nutritional all affect immune system functions
2
transmission
-why are athletes at more risk?
airborne
direct contact
bloodborne
water and footborne
athletes
-sharing
-travel
-more contact
3
host
vector
contagious vs. communicable
host
-original carrier of the disease
vector
-middle carrier
contagious
-spread through direct contact
-includes vector
communicable
-spread by a vector
4
immunodeficiency disorders
body lacks the ability to fight foreign microorganisms
5
autoimmune disorders
body attacks itself
6
immunodeficiency disorders
autoimmune disorders
immunodeficiency
-body can't build up enough to prevent infection
autoimmune
-body attacks own body
7
thymus
located between the chest wall and the heart
gland
produces T-cells
extremely active in children
8
spleen
located in upper left quadrant of the abdomen
filters blood and lymph
initiates immune response
9
lymph system
lymph
lymphatic vessels
lymph nodes
10
lymph
clear white fluid
collects plasma and debris
11
lymphatic vessels
picks up lmph
12
lymph nodes
-which can be felt as swollen
filters lymph
which?
-axillary
-neck
-groin
13
bone marrow function
RBC and WBC production
14
WBC
granulocytes
-neutrophils
-basophils
-eosinophils
lymphocytes
-B-cells
-T-cells
monocytes
-macrophages
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antibodies
created by body fight specific antigens
16
complement system
works with antibodies to fight off the antigens
17
immune system first line of defense
mucous membrane
18
second line of defense
general/nonspecific response
specific adaptive/response
-cell-mediated component
-humoral response
19
humoral response
activated proteins and B cells in the bloodstream
20
cell-mediated component
activation of specific immune cells
-antibody/antigen component
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general response
increases overall metabolism
substances released from macrophages, monocytes, T cells
protein complement activation: bind to foreign particles
produces a fever
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specific response
activated T cells and B cells
stimulated by antigens
B cells produce antibodies
antibodies then cue phagocytes
23
vaccinations
B cells "remember" antigens
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what happens to the body during this process
muscle strength and energy inhibited
increased insulin response
fat metabolism decreases
aerobic function is inhibited
25
effects of exercise
moderate exercise has a small beneficial effect
prolonged, intense exercise suppresses the immune system
-marathon training
viral and parasitic infections almost always increase with exercise
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common S/S of infection
fever
-low-grade: 102
fatigue
lymphadenitis
localized pain, redness, heat, swelling
unusual muscle or joint pain
27
exercise w/ fever
contraindicated
fever free for 24 hours
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infectious mononucleosis
"kissing disease"
Epstein-Barr virus
common in college-aged athletes
incubation period
-10-50 days
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infectious mononucleosis
-S/S
-Dx
-Tx
-RTP
S/S
-fatigue
-pharyngitis
-fever
-swollen lymph nodes
-spleenomegaly
Dx
-mononucleosis spot test (monospot) - blood test
Tx
-rest
-hydration
RTP
-spleen tenderness gone
-up to 1 or 2 months
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mumps
-S/S
-Dx
-Tx
-Prevention
contagious viral disease
5-15 y/o children
2-3 week incubation period
largely airborne
S/S
-parotitis (neck swelling on one side)
-headache
-fever
-malaise
-vomiting
-neck stiffness
-pain with chewing or swallowing
Dx
-S/S
Tx
-isolation
-supportive (symptomatic) treatment
Prevention
-vaccination
31
rubeola
-S/S
-Dx
-Tx
-prevention
"measles"
highly communicable
airbone
S/S
-rash
-fever
Dx
-nasal swab to test for an antibody
Tx
-symptomatic care
prevention
-vaccination
-MMR immunization
32
Rubella
-S/S
-Dx
-Tx
_Prevention
"German measles"
acute contagious virus
during first trimester can cause severe congenital defects
S/S - last about 3 days
-fever and rash
-cough
-headache
-swollen lymph nodes
-conjunctivitis
Dx
-S/S
Tx
-supportive care
Prevention
-vaccination
33
chicken pox
-S/S
-Tx
-RTP
varicella
highly communicable
common childhood disease
S/S
-headache
-rash
--moves to vesicles
-itchy
Tx
-antivirals can shorten the symptoms
-runs course in 3-4 days
RTP
-fully asymptomatic
-all vesicles must be crusted over
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rheumatoid arthritis
-S/S
-Tx
-athletic participation
autoimmune disorder
occurs in synovial lining of a joint
-body incorrectly recognizes it as a foreign substance and attacks it
S/S
-bilateral inflammation of joints
-morning stiffness
-can lead to joint deformity and disability
Tx
-lifetime medication
-symptomatically treated
--NSAID or corticosteroids
athletic participation
-depends on severity of symptoms
-done under the care of a physician
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