peds6

Question 1

state screening for metabolic disorders

Answer 1

all screen for PKU and congenital hypothyroidism; most screen for galactosemia; most for sickle cell anemia and hemoglobinopathies

Question 2

phimosis

Answer 2

inability to retract the foreskin by age 6; this is indication for circumcision

Question 3

paraphimosis

Answer 3

when the retracted foreskin cannot be returned to normal position; results in obstruction to lymphatic flow and edema; another indication for circumcision

Question 4

range for tooth eruption

Answer 4

3 to 16 months

Question 5

first tooth

Answer 5

lower, central incisor

Question 6

primary teeth (20 in total) are established by when

Answer 6

2 years of age

Question 7

when does secondary tooth eruption begin

Answer 7

between 6 and 8 years

Question 8

how many permanent teeth are there

Answer 8

32

Question 9

what can cause early teeth eruption? Late?

Answer 9

hyperthyroidism, hypo

Question 10

other causes of delayed tooth eruption?

Answer 10

familial, down syndrome, ectodermal dysplasia

Question 11

ectodermal dysplasia

Answer 11

delayed tooth coming in; conical shaped teeth, dysmorphic facial features; decreased sweat glands and alopecia

Question 12

other causes of early teeth eruption

Answer 12

precocious puberty, familial causes, growth hormone excess

Question 13

fluorocosis

Answer 13

due to excess fluoride; can lead to abnormalities in dental enamel and dentin; just cosmetic- white streaks and pitting or brown-gray staining

Question 14

when is the most critical time for vulnerability to excess fluoride

Answer 14

2-4 years of age

Question 15

natal teeth

Answer 15

present at birth

Question 16

neonatal teeth

Answer 16

present in the first month of life

Question 17

teeth that most commonly present early

Answer 17

central mandibular (lower) incisors; 90% are primary teeth and 10% are supernumerary teeth

Question 18

most common bacteria causing nursing or bottle caries

Answer 18

streptococcus mutans

Question 19

carries occur in which teeth

Answer 19

the upper ones because the lower ones are covered by the tongue

Question 20

management of a permanent tooth that falls out

Answer 20

gently rinse with saline, put it back in the socket, and refer to the dentist; a dry tooth has a poor prognosis

Question 21

hypospadias

Answer 21

contraindication to circumcision; abnormally placed urethra

Question 22

rear facing car seat until when?

Answer 22

12 months of age and 20 lbs

Question 23

toilet trainign

Answer 23

between 1 and 2 years

Question 24

what foods are avoided until at least 1 year of age?

Answer 24

fish, egg whites, wheat, citrus fruits, nuts, chocolate; due to risk of allergies

Question 25

development quotient

Answer 25

developmental age/chronologic age; greater than 85 is normal, less than 70 is abnormal