peds96

Question 1

exanthem in rubella

Answer 1

non-pruritic, maculopap, and confluent; begins on face, spreads to the trunk, and extremities, and lasts 3-4 days

Question 2

complications of rubella

Answer 2

meningoencephalitis; polyarteritis; congenital rubella syndrome (most serious complic)

Question 3

congenital rubella syndrome

Answer 3

maternal infection during the first trimester; fetal anomalies occur in 30-50% of infected fetuses; thrombocytopenia, jaundice, and purpura (blueberry muffin baby”)

Question 4

blueberry muffin baby

Answer 4

congenital rubella syndrome

Question 5

fetal anomalies in congenital rubella syndrome

Answer 5

congenital cataracts and PDA; sensorineural hearing loss and meningoencephalitis

Question 6

late complications of congenital rubella syndrome

Answer 6

mental retardation, type 1 dm, and autoimmune thyroid disease

Question 7

management of rubella

Answer 7

supportive

Question 8

aspergillosis

Answer 8

invasive disease only in severely immunocomp patients;

Question 9

management of aspergillosis

Answer 9

high dose antifungal like amphotericin B and surgery to resect the aspergilloma

Question 10

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

Answer 10

wheezing, eosinophila, and pulm infiltrates; happens in patients with chronic lung disease (CF)

Question 11

management of allergic broncopulmonary aspergillosis

Answer 11

corticosteroids, and in some cases antifungal therapy

Question 12

common reason that candida would go

Answer 12

use of antibiotics allows it to flourish

Question 13

invasive candida growth in immunocomp patients may cuase what

Answer 13

fungemia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, and endophthalmitis

Question 14

treatment for invasive candida

Answer 14

antifungal

Question 15

foung in the soil in the southwestern united states fungus

Answer 15

coccidiodomycosis

Question 16

how does coccidio infect you?

Answer 16

inhaled into the lungs

Question 17

clinical features of coccidio infection

Answer 17

most are asymp or cause a mild pneumonia; but immunocomp may get disseminated disease (sever pneumonia, meningitis, and osteomyelitis)

Question 18

management of coccidio infection

Answer 18

none in mild disease; in disseminated disease, systemic antifungal

Question 19

where is cryptococcus found?

Answer 19

in the soil

Question 20

how is crypto infection acquired

Answer 20

inhaled into lungs

Question 21

clinical features of crypto infection

Answer 21

most infections asymp; in immunocomp, spread to the CNS (cryptomeningitis is an AIDS defining illness)

Question 22

management of crypto infection

Answer 22

systemic antifungal therapy

Question 23

amebiasis

Answer 23

infection by the protozoan entamoaeba histolytica

Question 24

how do you acquire amebiasis

Answer 24

ingestion of the cyst in contaminated food or water

Question 25

when do sx appear in amebiasis infection?

Answer 25

1-4 weeks after ingestion when the trophozoite emerges from the cyst and invades the colonic mucosa

Question 26

where is amebiasis present?

Answer 26

worldwide, but highest incidence in developing nations

Question 27

clinical features of amebiasis

Answer 27

most patients are asymp; symp intestinal disease may range from mild colitis to severe dysentery

Question 28

symptoms of the diarrhea of amebiasis

Answer 28

cramping abdominal pain, tenesmus, and diarrhea that may contain blood or mucus;

Question 29

complications of amebiasis

Answer 29

intestinal perforation, hemorrhage, strictures, and local inflamm mass called ameboma

Question 30

extraintestinal amebiasis

Answer 30

abscess (most commonly in the liver), although it may form in the brain, lung, or other organ

Question 31

diagnosis of amebiasis

Answer 31

ID of the trophozoites or cyst in the stool; colonoscopy with biopsy or serum antibody assays may also be used

Question 32

management of amebiasis

Answer 32

metronidazole, along with a luminal amebicide like iodoquinol

Question 33

how is giardia infection acquired

Answer 33

fecal-oral when the cyst is ingested

Question 34

classic patient for giardia

Answer 34

drinking contaminated mountain water in the western unitted states; there are also daycare center outbreaks

Question 35

clinical features of giardia infection

Answer 35

range from asymp to explosive diarrhea; may persist for 2-6 weeks

Question 36

voluminous, watery, foul-smelling diarrhea

Answer 36

giardia