peds21

Question 1

cause of psoriases

Answer 1

usually aut dom; causes immune disreg which causes epidermal proliferation

Question 2

silvery scaled lesions

Answer 2

psoriasis

Question 3

koebner phenomenon

Answer 3

new lesions develop at sites of skin trauma; seen in psoriasis

Question 4

nai involvement in psoriasis

Answer 4

common

Question 5

treatment of psoriasis

Answer 5

moderae or high steroids, UV light, vit D, salicylic aicd for scalp involvemnt, retinoids, and anthralin (downregulates epidermal growth factor)

Question 6

miliaria rubra (heat rash)

Answer 6

cuased by disrupted sweat ducts near the upper dermis (by occlusion or friction)that results in sweat being released and sweat induces inflamm response

Question 7

what does heat rash look like?

Answer 7

small erythematois pruritic papules or vesicles in areas of occlusion or areas that have been rubbed

Question 8

treatment of heat rash

Answer 8

avoid occlusive clothing, avoid sweating; no meds necessary

Question 9

serum sickness

Answer 9

hypersens disorder that initially appears as hives but then becomes systemic; meds like cephalosporin are common causes

Question 10

erythema multiforme

Answer 10

hypersens reaction to many poss stimuli (drugs, viruses, bacteria, etc.)

Question 11

three kinds of erythema multiforme

Answer 11

erythema multiforme minor, erythema multiforme major, stevens-johnson syndrome

Question 12

classic skin lesion in all forms of erythema multiforme

Answer 12

target lesion with a fixed dull red oval macules with a dusky center that may contain a papule or vesicle

Question 13

toxic epidermal necrolysis

Answer 13

severe reaction to drugs that results in widespread epidermal necrosis; clinical features may include sloughing of the epidermis, no target lesions are seen

Question 14

niolsky sign

Answer 14

skin peels away with lateral pressure; often present in toxic epidermal necolysis

Question 15

mortality in toxic epidermal necrolysis

Answer 15

10-30% because can get sepsis, dehydration, and electrolyte abnormalities

Question 16

tinea capitus

Answer 16

fungal infection of the hair, acquired by human to human contact 95% of the time

Question 17

clinical features of tinea capitus

Answer 17

patchy hair loss, in which hair breaks at the root (black dot ringworm) or broken hairs are thickened and white M canis infection); infected area may have scales and pustules

Question 18

kerion

Answer 18

large red boggy nodule; may be present in tinea capitus and is a hypersens reaction to the fungus (dermatophyte)

Question 19

occipital and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy

Answer 19

very suggestive of tinea capitus

Question 20

diagnosis of tinea capitus

Answer 20

microscopic eval of hairs with 10% koh to identify fungal hyphae; hairs fluoresce under woods light if m canis is the infecting organism (5% of time)

Question 21

treatment of tinea capitus

Answer 21

systemic oral antifungals (e.g. griseofulvin) for 6-8 weeks. Topical antifungals are ineffective; very contagious!

Question 22

tinea corporis

Answer 22

fungal infection of the body

Question 23

tinea pedis

Answer 23

fungal infection of the foot

Question 24

tinea cruris

Answer 24

fungal infection of the groin

Question 25

pathogens that cause fungal infection of the skin

Answer 25

m. canis, t. tonsurans, and other trichophyton species

Question 26

tinea corporis aka

Answer 26

ringworm

Question 27

clinical feautres of tinea corporis

Answer 27

oval or circular scaly erythematous patches with partial central clearing

Question 28

clinical features of tinea pedis (athlete's foot)

Answer 28

present in postpubertal adolescents with sclaing and erythema between the toes or on the plantar aspect of the foot

Question 29

clinical features of tinea cruris

Answer 29

scales and erythema int eh groin and inguinal creases

Question 30

tinea unguium (onycomycosis)

Answer 30

fungal infection of the nails characterized by thickening and yellow discoloration of one or more nails (usually toenails)

Question 31

treatment of tinea unguium

Answer 31

topical treatments don't work that well; systemic treatments sometimes work

Question 32

tinea versicolor

Answer 32

caused by yeast that invades stratum corneum; scaly oval macules on the trunk, prox arms, and face; macules may be hypo or hyperpigmented and change with sun; infection can be asympt

Question 33

diagnosis of tinea versicolor

Answer 33

koh exam (spaghetti and meatballs appearance) or under woods light

Question 34

management of tinea versicolor

Answer 34

overnght app of selenium sulfide for 3-4 weeks; ketoconazole shampoo or cream, or systemic antifungal

Question 35

viral exanthem

Answer 35

skin rash associated with viral infection

Question 36

enanthem

Answer 36

rash involves the oral mucosa as well

Question 37

morbilliform

Answer 37

measles like

Question 38

scarlatiniform

Answer 38

scarlet fever like: papular, vesicular, and petechial

Question 39

measles and rubella

Answer 39

cause rash

Question 40

erythema infectiosum

Answer 40

fifth disease, parvovirus B19

Question 41

fifth disease most common in who

Answer 41

school kids

Question 42

how is parvovirus transmitted

Answer 42

resp secretions

Question 43

parovirus can cause what

Answer 43

aplastic crisis (esp in patients with hemoglobinopathies), prolonged anemia in immunosupp patients, and fetal hydrops or miscarriage

Question 44

clinical features of fifth disease

Answer 44

begins URI, then bright red macular rash on the cheeks; then lacy reticular rash on the trunk and extremities; arthalgias may be present but are more

Question 45

best screening exam for red reflex

Answer 45

bruckner test (direct opthalmoscope at patient's eyes from 2 feet away)

Question 46

hirschberg test

Answer 46

assess eye alignment by evaluating for the symm of light reflecting off both corneas

Question 47

what is visual acuity at birth?

Answer 47

20/200

Question 48

abnormal visual development results from what two possibilities?

Answer 48

improper eye alignment (such as strabismus) or some condition that blocks retinal stimulation (like congenital cataract)

Question 49

when is visual development most crucial?

Answer 49

3-4 months