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Peds > peds21 > Flashcards

peds21 Flashcards

1
Q

cause of psoriases

A

usually aut dom; causes immune disreg which causes epidermal proliferation

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2
Q

silvery scaled lesions

A

psoriasis

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3
Q

koebner phenomenon

A

new lesions develop at sites of skin trauma; seen in psoriasis

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4
Q

nai involvement in psoriasis

A

common

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5
Q

treatment of psoriasis

A

moderae or high steroids, UV light, vit D, salicylic aicd for scalp involvemnt, retinoids, and anthralin (downregulates epidermal growth factor)

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6
Q

miliaria rubra (heat rash)

A

cuased by disrupted sweat ducts near the upper dermis (by occlusion or friction)that results in sweat being released and sweat induces inflamm response

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7
Q

what does heat rash look like?

A

small erythematois pruritic papules or vesicles in areas of occlusion or areas that have been rubbed

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8
Q

treatment of heat rash

A

avoid occlusive clothing, avoid sweating; no meds necessary

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9
Q

serum sickness

A

hypersens disorder that initially appears as hives but then becomes systemic; meds like cephalosporin are common causes

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10
Q

erythema multiforme

A

hypersens reaction to many poss stimuli (drugs, viruses, bacteria, etc.)

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11
Q

three kinds of erythema multiforme

A

erythema multiforme minor, erythema multiforme major, stevens-johnson syndrome

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12
Q

classic skin lesion in all forms of erythema multiforme

A

target lesion with a fixed dull red oval macules with a dusky center that may contain a papule or vesicle

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13
Q

toxic epidermal necrolysis

A

severe reaction to drugs that results in widespread epidermal necrosis; clinical features may include sloughing of the epidermis, no target lesions are seen

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14
Q

niolsky sign

A

skin peels away with lateral pressure; often present in toxic epidermal necolysis

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15
Q

mortality in toxic epidermal necrolysis

A

10-30% because can get sepsis, dehydration, and electrolyte abnormalities

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16
Q

tinea capitus

A

fungal infection of the hair, acquired by human to human contact 95% of the time

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17
Q

clinical features of tinea capitus

A

patchy hair loss, in which hair breaks at the root (black dot ringworm) or broken hairs are thickened and white M canis infection); infected area may have scales and pustules

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18
Q

kerion

A

large red boggy nodule; may be present in tinea capitus and is a hypersens reaction to the fungus (dermatophyte)

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19
Q

occipital and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy

A

very suggestive of tinea capitus

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20
Q

diagnosis of tinea capitus

A

microscopic eval of hairs with 10% koh to identify fungal hyphae; hairs fluoresce under woods light if m canis is the infecting organism (5% of time)

21
Q

treatment of tinea capitus

A

systemic oral antifungals (e.g. griseofulvin) for 6-8 weeks. Topical antifungals are ineffective; very contagious!

22
Q

tinea corporis

A

fungal infection of the body

23
Q

tinea pedis

A

fungal infection of the foot

24
Q

tinea cruris

A

fungal infection of the groin

25
Q

pathogens that cause fungal infection of the skin

A

m. canis, t. tonsurans, and other trichophyton species

26
Q

tinea corporis aka

A

ringworm

27
Q

clinical feautres of tinea corporis

A

oval or circular scaly erythematous patches with partial central clearing

28
Q

clinical features of tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)

A

present in postpubertal adolescents with sclaing and erythema between the toes or on the plantar aspect of the foot

29
Q

clinical features of tinea cruris

A

scales and erythema int eh groin and inguinal creases

30
Q

tinea unguium (onycomycosis)

A

fungal infection of the nails characterized by thickening and yellow discoloration of one or more nails (usually toenails)

31
Q

treatment of tinea unguium

A

topical treatments don’t work that well; systemic treatments sometimes work

32
Q

tinea versicolor

A

caused by yeast that invades stratum corneum; scaly oval macules on the trunk, prox arms, and face; macules may be hypo or hyperpigmented and change with sun; infection can be asympt

33
Q

diagnosis of tinea versicolor

A

koh exam (spaghetti and meatballs appearance) or under woods light

34
Q

management of tinea versicolor

A

overnght app of selenium sulfide for 3-4 weeks; ketoconazole shampoo or cream, or systemic antifungal

35
Q

viral exanthem

A

skin rash associated with viral infection

36
Q

enanthem

A

rash involves the oral mucosa as well

37
Q

morbilliform

A

measles like

38
Q

scarlatiniform

A

scarlet fever like: papular, vesicular, and petechial

39
Q

measles and rubella

A

cause rash

40
Q

erythema infectiosum

A

fifth disease, parvovirus B19

41
Q

fifth disease most common in who

A

school kids

42
Q

how is parvovirus transmitted

A

resp secretions

43
Q

parovirus can cause what

A

aplastic crisis (esp in patients with hemoglobinopathies), prolonged anemia in immunosupp patients, and fetal hydrops or miscarriage

44
Q

clinical features of fifth disease

A

begins URI, then bright red macular rash on the cheeks; then lacy reticular rash on the trunk and extremities; arthalgias may be present but are more

45
Q

best screening exam for red reflex

A

bruckner test (direct opthalmoscope at patient’s eyes from 2 feet away)

46
Q

hirschberg test

A

assess eye alignment by evaluating for the symm of light reflecting off both corneas

47
Q

what is visual acuity at birth?

A

20/200

48
Q

abnormal visual development results from what two possibilities?

A

improper eye alignment (such as strabismus) or some condition that blocks retinal stimulation (like congenital cataract)

49
Q

when is visual development most crucial?

A

3-4 months

Peds (99 decks)

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