Electrolytes, Acid/Bases, and Lab Values Flashcards
(18 cards)
Normal pH Range
7.35-7.45
Normal Bicarbonate Range
22-26
Normal CO2 Range
35-45
Dehydration Complications
- Shock
- Oliguria
- Tachycardia
- Hypotension
- Impaired renal function or renal injury
- Hypoperfusion of Organs
Overhydration Complications
- Hypertension
- Organ Congestions
- Peripheral Edema
- Impaired Renal fx
- Impaired Pulmonary exchange
Symptoms of hyper/hyponatremia
Hypo = Overhydration
Hyper = Dehydration
Symptoms of Hypo/Hyper Calcemia and Magnesiemia
Hypo= Everything up
Hyper = Everything down
Symptoms of Hypo/Hyper Phosphateimia
Hypo= mimics hypercalcemia
Hyper = minics hypocalcemia (reverse relationship)
ECG changes for K
Hypo = U waves, Flat/inverted T waves, ST depression
Hyper = Tall peaked T waves!!, Prolonged PR interval, Flat P wave
What is Tetany
A medical emergency. Muscle spasms that may lead to seizures or difficulty breathing, typically caused by hypocalcemia
Acid/base rule of Bs
If Bicarb and pH Both go in the same direction, it is metaBolic
As the _____ goes, so goes my Pt, except for _____
As the pH goes, so goes my Pt, except for potassium
What acid/base disorder will have Kussmaul breathing
Metabolic Acidosis (Our fav Scotsman, MACkussmal)
What signs will a patient with hypocalcemia be positive for
Chvostek’s sign (contration of facial muscle), Trousseau’s sign (salt bae with BP cuff)
When does torsades de pointes occur
It occurs with hypomagnesiemia. It is a life-threatening ventricle tachycrdia with pronlonged QT
Hypotonic/crystalloid solutions and what they do
2.5% dextrose and 0.45% NS
Body fluids shift out of intravascular space and into cells and interstitial tissue
Hypertonic solutions and what they do
D5NS, dextrose, LR (colloid solutions: albumin)
Body fluids shift out of cells and intrcellular space, into the vascular space
5 Deadly Ds
K >6
pH in the 6s
CO2 in the 60s
pO2 < 60
Platelets < 40 000
