Flashcards in Rapid fire Facts Deck (99)
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Most common cause of neural tube defects
Folate deficiency
* MC nutritional deficit in US
1
MCC of congenital malformation in US
Ethanol use during pregnancy
3
MCC of congenital intellectual disability in US?
Fetal alcohol syndrome
4
3 amino acids modfied in the golgi appartus
1. asparagine
2. serine
3. threonine
5
hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation
Marfan syndrome
(defective fibrillin, which holds together trophoelastin subunits)
6
Heriditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss
Alport syndrome
(defective Type IV collagen, found in basement membrane of eye, ear, kindey); cant see, cant pee, cant hear high C
7
Unilateral facial drooping involving the forehead
Bell's palsy
*if forehead unaffected, think stroke
8
Ptosis, miosis and anhydrosis
Horner's syndrome
*lesion of spinal cord above T1
9
Worst HA of life
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
10
lucid interval
epidural hematoma
11
Bloody CSF
subarachnoid hemorrhage
12
MCC of subdural hematoma (anatomically)
torn bridging veins
(hitting head of old person/ alcoholic; shaking baby syndrome)
13
MCC of epidural hematoma
Rupture of middle meningeal artery(banch of maxillary)--> frequently secondary to fracture of temporal bone
14
Urinary incontinence, ataxia, cognitive dysfunction
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (wet, wacky, wild)
*sx due to expansion of ventricles compressing corona radiata
15
Amyloid deposits in gray matter of brain
senile plaques (Alzheimers)
16
Drooling, sweating, agitated farmer
Organophosphate poisoning
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Medical treatment for pheochromocytoma
Alpha antagonist--> usually phenoxybenzamine (binds irreversibly)
18
selective A1 antagonist used to treat BPH
Tamsulosin--> is specific for alpha 1A, Alpha 1D receptors found in the prostate; little effects on the alpha 1b receptors found in vasculature
19
continuous machine like heart murmur
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
* is a non-cyanotic shunt (L to R)
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"boot-shaped heart"
Tetralogy of Fallot
* is a sign of right ventricular hypertrophy; can be indicative of pulmonary HTN in adult
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rib notching, or pulsating pulses on ribs
coarctation of aorta
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MCC congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD (ventricular septal defect)
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MCC congenital cause of early cyanosis
Tetralogy of Fallot
* review the 4 issues
*transposition of the great vessels may be a close 2nd, causes profound cyanosis
24
bounding pulses, head-bobbing, diastolic murmur
aortic regutgitation
* bounding pulses due to the wide pulse pressures (normal systolic, but diastolic much lower due to loss of blood through incompetent aortic valve
25
bone enlargement, bone pain, arthritis
Paget's disease of bone
26
vertebral compression fractures
osteoporosis
27
positive anterior drawer sign
torn ACL
28
swollen, hard, painful finger joints (which hand joints involved)
osteoarthritis
(DIP and PIP)
29
swollen, boggy, painful finger joints (which joints involved)
rheumatoid arthritis
(PIP and MIP--> spares the DIPs)
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