Flashcards in Rapid fire Facts Deck (99)
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Most common cause of neural tube defects
Folate deficiency
* MC nutritional deficit in US
1
MCC of congenital malformation in US
Ethanol use during pregnancy
3
MCC of congenital intellectual disability in US?
Fetal alcohol syndrome
4
3 amino acids modfied in the golgi appartus
1. asparagine
2. serine
3. threonine
5
hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation
Marfan syndrome
(defective fibrillin, which holds together trophoelastin subunits)
6
Heriditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss
Alport syndrome
(defective Type IV collagen, found in basement membrane of eye, ear, kindey); cant see, cant pee, cant hear high C
7
Unilateral facial drooping involving the forehead
Bell's palsy
*if forehead unaffected, think stroke
8
Ptosis, miosis and anhydrosis
Horner's syndrome
*lesion of spinal cord above T1
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Worst HA of life
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
10
lucid interval
epidural hematoma
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Bloody CSF
subarachnoid hemorrhage
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MCC of subdural hematoma (anatomically)
torn bridging veins
(hitting head of old person/ alcoholic; shaking baby syndrome)
13
MCC of epidural hematoma
Rupture of middle meningeal artery(banch of maxillary)--> frequently secondary to fracture of temporal bone
14
Urinary incontinence, ataxia, cognitive dysfunction
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (wet, wacky, wild)
*sx due to expansion of ventricles compressing corona radiata
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Amyloid deposits in gray matter of brain
senile plaques (Alzheimers)
16
Drooling, sweating, agitated farmer
Organophosphate poisoning
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Medical treatment for pheochromocytoma
Alpha antagonist--> usually phenoxybenzamine (binds irreversibly)
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selective A1 antagonist used to treat BPH
Tamsulosin--> is specific for alpha 1A, Alpha 1D receptors found in the prostate; little effects on the alpha 1b receptors found in vasculature
19
continuous machine like heart murmur
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
* is a non-cyanotic shunt (L to R)
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"boot-shaped heart"
Tetralogy of Fallot
* is a sign of right ventricular hypertrophy; can be indicative of pulmonary HTN in adult
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rib notching, or pulsating pulses on ribs
coarctation of aorta
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MCC congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD (ventricular septal defect)
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MCC congenital cause of early cyanosis
Tetralogy of Fallot
* review the 4 issues
*transposition of the great vessels may be a close 2nd, causes profound cyanosis
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bounding pulses, head-bobbing, diastolic murmur
aortic regutgitation
* bounding pulses due to the wide pulse pressures (normal systolic, but diastolic much lower due to loss of blood through incompetent aortic valve
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bone enlargement, bone pain, arthritis
Paget's disease of bone
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vertebral compression fractures
osteoporosis
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positive anterior drawer sign
torn ACL
28
swollen, hard, painful finger joints (which hand joints involved)
osteoarthritis
(DIP and PIP)
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swollen, boggy, painful finger joints (which joints involved)
rheumatoid arthritis
(PIP and MIP--> spares the DIPs)
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