Section 10

Question 1

What is the first step in managing a suspected poisoning?

Answer 1

Ensure scene safety and remove the patient from the toxic environment.

Question 2

What is the role of activated charcoal in poisoning?

Answer 2

To adsorb toxins in the gastrointestinal tract and reduce absorption.

Question 3

How soon after ingestion should activated charcoal be administered?

Answer 3

Ideally within 1 hour of ingestion.

Question 4

What are the contraindications for using activated charcoal?

Answer 4

Unprotected airway, altered mental status, or ingestion of caustic substances.

Question 5

What is the purpose of gastric lavage in toxicology?

Answer 5

To remove stomach contents in cases of severe poisoning within 1 hour of ingestion.

Question 6

How is opioid overdose identified?

Answer 6

Respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, and altered mental status.

Question 7

What is the antidote for opioid overdose?

Answer 7

Naloxone (Narcan).

Question 8

What are the symptoms of benzodiazepine overdose?

Answer 8

CNS depression, drowsiness, confusion, and respiratory depression.

Question 9

How is benzodiazepine overdose treated?

Answer 9

Supportive care and flumazenil as an antidote in specific situations.

Question 10

What are the signs of acetaminophen toxicity?

Answer 10

Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and elevated liver enzymes.

Question 11

How is acetaminophen overdose managed?

Answer 11

Administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to prevent liver damage.

Question 12

What are the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning?

Answer 12

Headache, dizziness, confusion, and cherry-red skin.

Question 13

How is carbon monoxide poisoning treated?

Answer 13

100% oxygen therapy or hyperbaric oxygen therapy if severe.

Question 14

What are the clinical signs of methanol poisoning?

Answer 14

Visual disturbances, metabolic acidosis, and CNS depression.

Question 15

How is methanol poisoning managed?

Answer 15

Administration of fomepizole or ethanol and hemodialysis if severe.

Question 16

What is the primary concern with ethylene glycol poisoning?

Answer 16

Renal failure and metabolic acidosis.

Question 17

How is ethylene glycol toxicity treated?

Answer 17

Fomepizole or ethanol, along with hemodialysis if indicated.

Question 18

What are the clinical features of organophosphate poisoning?

Answer 18

Salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, gastrointestinal distress, and emesis (SLUDGE symptoms).

Question 19

What is the antidote for organophosphate poisoning?

Answer 19

Atropine and pralidoxime (2-PAM).

Question 20

How is cyanide poisoning identified in emergency settings?

Answer 20

Altered mental status, hypotension, metabolic acidosis, and a smell of almonds.

Question 21

What is the emergency treatment for cyanide poisoning?

Answer 21

Administration of hydroxocobalamin or sodium thiosulfate.

Question 22

What are the clinical signs of iron toxicity?

Answer 22

Abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and metabolic acidosis.

Question 23

How is iron toxicity managed in emergency care?

Answer 23

Deferoxamine administration and supportive care.

Question 24

What are the symptoms of salicylate (aspirin) poisoning?

Answer 24

Tinnitus, hyperventilation, metabolic acidosis, and altered mental status.

Question 25

How is salicylate toxicity treated?

Answer 25

Alkalinization of urine, activated charcoal, and hemodialysis if severe.

Question 26

What are the signs of digoxin toxicity?

Answer 26

Nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, and cardiac arrhythmias.

Question 27

What is the antidote for digoxin toxicity?

Answer 27

Digoxin-specific antibody fragments (Digibind).

Question 28

How is lead poisoning identified?

Answer 28

Abdominal pain, anemia, developmental delays, and peripheral neuropathy.

Question 29

What is the emergency treatment for lead poisoning?

Answer 29

Chelation therapy with agents like EDTA or succimer.

Question 30

What are the symptoms of mercury poisoning?

Answer 30

Tremors, memory loss, and kidney dysfunction.

Question 31

How is mercury toxicity managed?

Answer 31

Chelation with dimercaprol or succimer.

Question 32

What are the clinical signs of mushroom poisoning?

Answer 32

Gastrointestinal upset, hallucinations, and liver failure (depending on species).

Question 33

How is mushroom poisoning managed in emergency settings?

Answer 33

Activated charcoal, supportive care, and specific antidotes if available.

Question 34

What is the first step in managing snakebite envenomation?

Answer 34

Immobilize the affected limb and avoid movement.

Question 35

What is the role of antivenom in snakebite management?

Answer 35

To neutralize venom and reduce systemic toxicity.

Question 36

What are the symptoms of alcohol poisoning?

Answer 36

Confusion, vomiting, seizures, slow breathing, and hypothermia.

Question 37

How is alcohol poisoning managed in emergency care?

Answer 37

Airway protection, IV fluids, and supportive care.

Question 38

What is the purpose of whole bowel irrigation in toxicology?

Answer 38

To flush out ingested toxins in sustained-release or heavy metal poisoning.

Question 39

How is arsenic poisoning identified?

Answer 39

Gastrointestinal distress, garlic-like odor, and peripheral neuropathy.

Question 40

What is the emergency treatment for arsenic poisoning?

Answer 40

Chelation therapy with dimercaprol or succimer.