Section 9

Question 1

What are the common symptoms of sepsis?

Answer 1

Fever, chills, rapid breathing, tachycardia, confusion, and low blood pressure.

Question 2

What is the initial management for sepsis in the emergency setting?

Answer 2

Early fluid resuscitation, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and source control.

Question 3

What is the role of blood cultures in suspected sepsis?

Answer 3

To identify the causative organism and guide targeted antibiotic therapy.

Question 4

What is the difference between SIRS and sepsis?

Answer 4

SIRS is a systemic inflammatory response, while sepsis includes evidence of infection.

Question 5

How is meningitis identified in emergency care?

Answer 5

Fever, headache, neck stiffness, photophobia, and altered mental status.

Question 6

What are the typical organisms causing bacterial meningitis?

Answer 6

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae.

Question 7

What is the emergency management for bacterial meningitis?

Answer 7

Immediate administration of antibiotics and corticosteroids.

Question 8

What are the clinical features of infective endocarditis?

Answer 8

Fever, heart murmurs, petechiae, and splinter hemorrhages.

Question 9

How is infective endocarditis diagnosed?

Answer 9

Blood cultures, echocardiography, and clinical criteria.

Question 10

What is the role of prophylactic antibiotics in infective endocarditis?

Answer 10

For high-risk patients undergoing procedures that may introduce bacteria.

Question 11

What are the symptoms of tuberculosis (TB)?

Answer 11

Chronic cough, weight loss, night sweats, and hemoptysis.

Question 12

How is active tuberculosis managed in emergency care?

Answer 12

Isolation, respiratory precautions, and initiation of anti-TB therapy.

Question 13

What are the clinical signs of necrotizing fasciitis?

Answer 13

Rapidly spreading skin infection, severe pain, fever, and skin discoloration.

Question 14

What is the emergency intervention for necrotizing fasciitis?

Answer 14

Immediate surgical debridement, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and supportive care.

Question 15

How is community-acquired pneumonia identified?

Answer 15

Fever, productive cough, dyspnea, and crackles on auscultation.

Question 16

What is the typical management of community-acquired pneumonia?

Answer 16

Antibiotic therapy, oxygen support, and fluid management.

Question 17

What is the primary concern in patients with HIV presenting to emergency care?

Answer 17

Opportunistic infections and complications from immunosuppression.

Question 18

How is septic arthritis diagnosed in the emergency department?

Answer 18

Joint aspiration and analysis of synovial fluid.

Question 19

What are the signs of cellulitis?

Answer 19

Redness, swelling, warmth, and tenderness over the affected area.

Question 20

What is the initial treatment for cellulitis?

Answer 20

Antibiotic therapy targeting common skin flora.

Question 21

What are the common clinical features of malaria?

Answer 21

Fever, chills, sweating, headache, and muscle pain.

Question 22

How is malaria managed in emergency settings?

Answer 22

Antimalarial therapy, supportive care, and monitoring for complications.

Question 23

What are the symptoms of tetanus?

Answer 23

Muscle stiffness, spasms, difficulty swallowing, and lockjaw.

Question 24

How is tetanus prevented and treated?

Answer 24

Vaccination, wound care, and administration of tetanus immunoglobulin.

Question 25

What is the role of prophylactic antibiotics in open fractures?

Answer 25

To prevent infection from environmental contamination.

Question 26

What is the emergency intervention for anthrax exposure?

Answer 26

Immediate antibiotics and respiratory support if inhalation anthrax is suspected.

Question 27

How is rabies managed in emergency care?

Answer 27

Post-exposure prophylaxis with rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin.

Question 28

What are the clinical features of Lyme disease?

Answer 28

Erythema migrans rash, fever, headache, and joint pain.

Question 29

How is Lyme disease treated?

Answer 29

Antibiotic therapy, typically doxycycline or amoxicillin.

Question 30

What is the management of scabies in emergency settings?

Answer 30

Permethrin cream, oral ivermectin, and washing of contaminated clothing.

Question 31

What are the primary symptoms of leptospirosis?

Answer 31

Fever, headache, muscle aches, and sometimes jaundice.

Question 32

How is leptospirosis treated in emergency care?

Answer 32

Antibiotics such as doxycycline or penicillin.

Question 33

What is the clinical presentation of botulism?

Answer 33

Descending paralysis, blurred vision, and respiratory distress.

Question 34

How is botulism managed in emergency settings?

Answer 34

Administration of antitoxin and supportive care.

Question 35

What are the signs of cholera in emergency care?

Answer 35

Severe diarrhea, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance.

Question 36

How is cholera managed in emergency settings?

Answer 36

Rehydration therapy, electrolyte replacement, and antibiotics if severe.

Question 37

What is the role of antiviral therapy in influenza management?

Answer 37

To reduce symptom severity and shorten disease duration.

Question 38

What are the symptoms of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection?

Answer 38

Fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and fatigue.

Question 39

How is viral hepatitis managed in emergency care?

Answer 39

Supportive care, hydration, and monitoring of liver function.

Question 40

What are the clinical signs of toxic shock syndrome (TSS)?

Answer 40

High fever, rash, hypotension, and multi-organ dysfunction.