Section 11 Flashcards
(40 cards)
What are the primary symptoms of hypothermia?
Shivering, confusion, slurred speech, and loss of coordination.
How is hypothermia classified based on body temperature?
Mild (32-35°C), Moderate (28-32°C), Severe (<28°C)
What is the initial management for hypothermia?
Remove wet clothing, provide insulation, and apply external heat sources.
What is the role of active rewarming in severe hypothermia?
To restore core body temperature through heated IV fluids, warm humidified oxygen, and extracorporeal rewarming.
What are the clinical signs of heat stroke?
High body temperature (>40°C), altered mental status, and absence of sweating.
How is heat stroke managed in emergency settings?
Rapid cooling with ice packs, cold IV fluids, and airway management.
What is the difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke?
Heat exhaustion includes sweating and normal mental status, while heat stroke involves CNS dysfunction and lack of sweating.
What are the symptoms of frostbite?
Numbness, pale or blue skin, blistering, and tissue hardening.
How is frostbite managed in emergency care?
Rapid rewarming in warm water (37-39°C), pain control, and wound care.
What is the primary concern with drowning incidents?
Hypoxia and potential secondary complications like pulmonary edema and infection.
What is the emergency management for drowning?
Airway management, oxygenation, and rewarming if hypothermic.
How is decompression sickness identified?
Joint pain, dizziness, difficulty breathing, and neurological symptoms after diving.
What is the primary treatment for decompression sickness?
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy to reduce nitrogen bubbles in tissues.
What are the signs of high-altitude sickness?
Headache, nausea, dizziness, and shortness of breath.
How is acute mountain sickness managed?
Descent to a lower altitude, oxygen, and acetazolamide.
What are the symptoms of snakebite envenomation?
Pain, swelling, bruising, and sometimes systemic effects like hypotension.
What is the role of antivenom in snakebite treatment?
To neutralize venom and prevent further tissue damage.
What are the signs of jellyfish sting envenomation?
Intense pain, redness, welts, and sometimes systemic reactions.
How is jellyfish sting treated in emergency care?
Vinegar rinse, removal of tentacles, and hot water immersion.
What is the management of lightning strike injuries?
Airway protection, CPR if necessary, and assessment for burns and neurological injuries.
What are the primary symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning?
Headache, dizziness, confusion, and cherry-red skin.
How is carbon monoxide poisoning managed?
100% oxygen therapy or hyperbaric oxygen therapy in severe cases.
What are the clinical signs of altitude sickness?
Headache, fatigue, dizziness, nausea, and shortness of breath.
How is altitude sickness managed in emergency settings?
Descent, oxygen therapy, and administration of acetazolamide.
