Section 4 Flashcards
(40 cards)
What is the primary assessment for orthopedic injuries?
ABCDE assessment (Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, Exposure) and focused examination of the injured limb.
What are the clinical signs of a fracture?
Pain, swelling, deformity, loss of function, and abnormal movement.
What imaging modality is typically used for diagnosing fractures?
X-ray is the primary imaging technique, followed by CT or MRI if further detail is needed.
What is the difference between an open and a closed fracture?
An open fracture breaks the skin, while a closed fracture does not.
What is the recommended initial management for open fractures?
Irrigation, debridement, antibiotic administration, and stabilization.
What are the common complications of fractures?
Infection, compartment syndrome, non-union, and neurovascular injury.
How is compartment syndrome identified?
Severe pain, pain with passive stretch, paresthesia, pallor, and pulselessness.
What is the management for compartment syndrome?
Immediate fasciotomy to relieve pressure and prevent permanent damage.
What is the purpose of a splint in emergency orthopedic care?
To immobilize the injury, reduce pain, and prevent further tissue damage.
What are the main differences between a sprain and a strain?
A sprain involves ligaments, while a strain involves muscles or tendons.
How are dislocations managed in emergency settings?
Reduction, immobilization, pain management, and follow-up imaging.
What is the risk of untreated joint dislocations?
Neurovascular compromise and permanent joint damage.
What is the initial management of soft tissue injuries?
RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) and pain management.
What are the signs of neurovascular compromise in limb injuries?
Weak pulses, numbness, pallor, and coolness of the limb.
What is the role of reduction in dislocations?
To restore the joint to its normal position and relieve symptoms.
What imaging is preferred for ligamentous injuries?
MRI is the gold standard for soft tissue and ligament assessment.
How is a clavicle fracture typically managed?
Immobilization with a sling or figure-of-eight bandage, followed by physiotherapy.
What is the importance of monitoring circulation in fractures?
To detect signs of vascular compromise that may require urgent intervention.
What are common signs of a femur fracture?
Severe pain, limb shortening, and inability to bear weight.
How are pelvic fractures managed in emergency settings?
Stabilization with a pelvic binder, fluid resuscitation, and monitoring for hemorrhage.
What is the difference between a Colles’ fracture and a Smith’s fracture?
Colles’ fracture is a dorsal displacement of the wrist, while Smith’s fracture is a volar displacement.
How is an Achilles tendon rupture diagnosed?
Physical examination (Thompson test) and ultrasound for confirmation.
What is the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in open fractures?
To prevent infection due to exposure of bone and soft tissue to the environment.
What is the initial management for suspected spinal injuries?
Immobilization of the spine, airway protection, and rapid transport to definitive care.
