Section 27

Question 1

What is the primary goal of emergency management in poisoning?

Answer 1

To prevent further absorption, enhance elimination, and provide supportive care.

Question 2

What are the common routes of poisoning exposure?

Answer 2

Ingestion, inhalation, dermal contact, and injection.

Question 3

How is the airway managed in toxicology emergencies?

Answer 3

Ensure patency, provide oxygen, and consider intubation if necessary.

Question 4

What is the role of activated charcoal in poisoning cases?

Answer 4

To absorb toxins in the gastrointestinal tract and reduce systemic absorption.

Question 5

When is gastric lavage indicated in poisoning cases?

Answer 5

In life-threatening ingestions if performed within one hour of exposure.

Question 6

What is the antidote for acetaminophen (paracetamol) poisoning?

Answer 6

N-acetylcysteine (NAC).

Question 7

How is opioid overdose managed in emergency settings?

Answer 7

Administration of naloxone, airway support, and monitoring of respiratory function.

Question 8

What is the first-line treatment for benzodiazepine overdose?

Answer 8

Flumazenil, though it is used cautiously due to risk of seizures.

Question 9

What are the symptoms of organophosphate poisoning?

Answer 9

Salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, gastrointestinal distress, and emesis (SLUDGE).

Question 10

How is organophosphate poisoning managed?

Answer 10

Administration of atropine and pralidoxime, along with decontamination.

Question 11

What is the clinical presentation of carbon monoxide poisoning?

Answer 11

Headache, dizziness, confusion, cherry-red skin, and altered mental status.

Question 12

How is carbon monoxide poisoning treated?

Answer 12

High-flow oxygen and hyperbaric oxygen therapy in severe cases.

Question 13

What are the signs of methanol poisoning?

Answer 13

Metabolic acidosis, visual disturbances, and central nervous system depression.

Question 14

How is methanol poisoning managed?

Answer 14

Administration of fomepizole or ethanol and hemodialysis if severe.

Question 15

What are the clinical features of cyanide poisoning?

Answer 15

Rapid onset of headache, confusion, seizures, and cardiovascular collapse.

Question 16

What is the antidote for cyanide poisoning?

Answer 16

Hydroxocobalamin or sodium thiosulfate.

Question 17

How is iron overdose treated in emergency care?

Answer 17

Chelation therapy with deferoxamine and supportive care.

Question 18

What are the symptoms of salicylate poisoning?

Answer 18

Tinnitus, hyperventilation, metabolic acidosis, and dehydration.

Question 19

How is salicylate poisoning managed?

Answer 19

Alkalinization of urine, supportive care, and hemodialysis if severe.

Question 20

What are the indications for hemodialysis in poisoning?

Answer 20

Severe toxicity, impaired renal function, and poor response to supportive care.

Question 21

How is ethylene glycol poisoning identified?

Answer 21

Severe metabolic acidosis, renal failure, and calcium oxalate crystals in urine.

Question 22

What is the antidote for ethylene glycol poisoning?

Answer 22

Fomepizole or ethanol, along with hemodialysis if indicated.

Question 23

What are the symptoms of serotonin syndrome?

Answer 23

Hyperthermia, agitation, tremor, and autonomic instability.

Question 24

How is serotonin syndrome managed in emergency care?

Answer 24

Discontinuation of serotonergic agents, supportive care, and benzodiazepines if needed.

Question 25

What are the key symptoms of tricyclic antidepressant overdose?

Answer 25

Cardiotoxicity, widened QRS complex, and anticholinergic effects.

Question 26

How is tricyclic antidepressant overdose treated?

Answer 26

Sodium bicarbonate administration and supportive care.

Question 27

What is the presentation of digoxin toxicity?

Answer 27

Nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, and cardiac arrhythmias.

Question 28

How is digoxin toxicity managed?

Answer 28

Administration of digoxin-specific antibody fragments (Digibind).

Question 29

What are the clinical signs of beta-blocker overdose?

Answer 29

Bradycardia, hypotension, and potential cardiac arrest.

Question 30

How is beta-blocker toxicity managed?

Answer 30

Administration of glucagon, high-dose insulin therapy, and supportive care.

Question 31

What are the symptoms of calcium channel blocker overdose?

Answer 31

Severe hypotension, bradycardia, and cardiac conduction delays.

Question 32

How is calcium channel blocker toxicity managed?

Answer 32

IV calcium, high-dose insulin, and vasopressors if necessary.

Question 33

What is the role of whole-bowel irrigation in poisoning cases?

Answer 33

To flush out undigested toxins from the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 34

How is arsenic poisoning identified?

Answer 34

Symptoms include vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and garlic-like breath odor.

Question 35

How is arsenic poisoning managed?

Answer 35

Chelation therapy with dimercaprol or succimer.

Question 36

What is the management approach for pesticide poisoning?

Answer 36

Decontamination, supportive care, and specific antidotes if available.

Question 37

How is heavy metal poisoning detected?

Answer 37

Blood and urine tests for metals like lead, mercury, and arsenic.

Question 38

How is lead poisoning managed?

Answer 38

Chelation therapy with EDTA or dimercaprol.

Question 39

What is the role of urine alkalinization in toxicology?

Answer 39

To enhance the elimination of toxins like salicylates and phenobarbital.

Question 40

How is mercury poisoning treated?

Answer 40

Chelation with dimercaprol or succimer, and supportive care.