Section 16

Question 1

What is the primary goal of managing infectious disease emergencies?

Answer 1

Rapid identification, isolation if necessary, and prompt treatment to prevent spread and complications.

Question 2

What are the key features of sepsis in emergency care?

Answer 2

Fever, tachycardia, hypotension, and altered mental status.

Question 3

How is septic shock identified?

Answer 3

Persistent hypotension despite fluid resuscitation, with signs of organ dysfunction.

Question 4

What is the initial management for sepsis?

Answer 4

Early antibiotics, fluid resuscitation, and source control.

Question 5

What are the common sources of sepsis?

Answer 5

Pneumonia, urinary tract infections, intra-abdominal infections, and soft tissue infections.

Question 6

How is meningococcal meningitis identified?

Answer 6

Sudden onset of fever, headache, neck stiffness, and petechial rash.

Question 7

What is the emergency treatment for meningococcal meningitis?

Answer 7

Immediate IV antibiotics, isolation, and supportive care.

Question 8

What are the clinical signs of tuberculosis in emergency settings?

Answer 8

Chronic cough, weight loss, night sweats, and hemoptysis.

Question 9

How is tuberculosis managed in emergency care?

Answer 9

Isolation, supportive care, and initiation of anti-TB therapy.

Question 10

What are the symptoms of HIV-related emergencies?

Answer 10

Opportunistic infections, severe weight loss, neurological symptoms, and fever.

Question 11

What is the emergency management for HIV-related opportunistic infections?

Answer 11

Targeted antimicrobial therapy, supportive care, and immune support.

Question 12

What are the typical signs of malaria in emergency settings?

Answer 12

Fever, chills, headache, and anemia, often with a history of travel to endemic regions.

Question 13

How is malaria managed in emergency care?

Answer 13

Antimalarial therapy, supportive care, and monitoring for complications.

Question 14

What is the presentation of acute viral hepatitis in emergencies?

Answer 14

Jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, and elevated liver enzymes.

Question 15

How is viral hepatitis managed in emergency care?

Answer 15

Supportive care, monitoring liver function, and avoiding hepatotoxic medications.

Question 16

What are the key symptoms of necrotizing fasciitis?

Answer 16

Severe pain, rapid tissue necrosis, fever, and signs of septic shock.

Question 17

How is necrotizing fasciitis treated in emergency care?

Answer 17

Immediate surgical debridement, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and supportive care.

Question 18

What are the clinical signs of rabies in emergency presentations?

Answer 18

Hydrophobia, aerophobia, agitation, and progressive neurological symptoms.

Question 19

How is rabies managed in emergency care?

Answer 19

Post-exposure prophylaxis with rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin.

Question 20

What is the emergency protocol for tetanus exposure?

Answer 20

Tetanus immunoglobulin, wound cleaning, and supportive care.

Question 21

What are the signs of Lyme disease in emergency settings?

Answer 21

Erythema migrans (bullseye rash), fever, fatigue, and joint pain.

Question 22

How is Lyme disease managed in emergency care?

Answer 22

Antibiotic therapy, primarily doxycycline or amoxicillin.

Question 23

What are the symptoms of cellulitis in emergency settings?

Answer 23

Redness, warmth, swelling, and pain in the affected area.

Question 24

How is cellulitis managed in emergency care?

Answer 24

Antibiotic therapy, elevation of the affected limb, and monitoring for abscess formation.

Question 25

What is the presentation of septic arthritis?

Answer 25

Acute joint pain, swelling, fever, and restricted movement.

Question 26

How is septic arthritis treated in emergency settings?

Answer 26

Joint aspiration, IV antibiotics, and sometimes surgical intervention.

Question 27

What are the signs of tetanus in emergency care?

Answer 27

Muscle rigidity, spasms, and lockjaw (trismus).

Question 28

How is tetanus managed in emergency settings?

Answer 28

Tetanus immunoglobulin, wound cleaning, and supportive care.

Question 29

What is the primary concern with Clostridium difficile infection in emergencies?

Answer 29

Severe diarrhea, colitis, and dehydration risk.

Question 30

How is Clostridium difficile managed in emergency care?

Answer 30

Antibiotic therapy (e.g., metronidazole or vancomycin) and fluid replacement.

Question 31

What are the symptoms of endocarditis in emergency settings?

Answer 31

Fever, heart murmur, night sweats, and petechiae.

Question 32

How is endocarditis managed in emergency care?

Answer 32

IV antibiotics, blood cultures, and echocardiography.

Question 33

What is the presentation of anthrax exposure in emergency settings?

Answer 33

Skin ulcers (cutaneous), respiratory distress (inhalational), and gastrointestinal symptoms.

Question 34

How is anthrax managed in emergency care?

Answer 34

Immediate antibiotic therapy and isolation if inhalational.

Question 35

What are the signs of viral hemorrhagic fever?

Answer 35

Fever, bleeding, shock, and organ failure.

Question 36

How is viral hemorrhagic fever managed in emergency care?

Answer 36

Isolation, supportive care, and monitoring for bleeding complications.

Question 37

What are the symptoms of dengue fever?

Answer 37

High fever, severe headache, retro-orbital pain, and rash.

Question 38

How is dengue fever managed in emergency settings?

Answer 38

Supportive care, hydration, and monitoring for hemorrhagic complications.

Question 39

What is the clinical presentation of leptospirosis?

Answer 39

Fever, jaundice, renal failure, and myalgia.

Question 40

How is leptospirosis managed in emergency care?

Answer 40

Antibiotic therapy (doxycycline or penicillin) and supportive care.