Section 13 Flashcards
(40 cards)
What are the primary differences in emergency care between adults and children?
Anatomical, physiological, and developmental differences require specific assessment and intervention strategies.
What is the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT)?
A quick evaluation tool assessing Appearance, Work of Breathing, and Circulation to Skin.
How is the airway of a pediatric patient different from an adult?
It is narrower, more flexible, and the tongue is proportionately larger.
What are the indications for pediatric intubation?
Respiratory failure, airway obstruction, and inability to protect the airway.
What is the initial fluid resuscitation amount for pediatric shock?
20 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid solution.
What are the common causes of pediatric respiratory distress?
Asthma, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and foreign body aspiration.
How is bronchiolitis managed in children?
Supportive care, oxygen therapy, and hydration; bronchodilators if necessary.
What are the symptoms of croup in pediatric patients?
Barking cough, stridor, and hoarseness.
How is croup treated in emergency settings?
Humidified air, corticosteroids, and nebulized epinephrine if severe.
What are the signs of pediatric dehydration?
Dry mucous membranes, sunken eyes, decreased skin turgor, and lethargy.
How is pediatric dehydration managed?
Oral rehydration for mild cases; IV fluids for severe dehydration.
What is the appropriate method for calculating pediatric drug dosages?
Based on weight (mg/kg) to ensure safety and effectiveness.
What are the signs of pediatric sepsis?
Fever, tachycardia, poor perfusion, and altered mental status.
How is pediatric sepsis managed in emergency care?
Fluid resuscitation, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and monitoring of vital signs.
What is the significance of the Broselow tape in pediatric emergencies?
A color-coded tape used to estimate weight and guide medication dosing and equipment sizing.
What are the symptoms of pediatric anaphylaxis?
Urticaria, wheezing, hypotension, and respiratory distress.
How is pediatric anaphylaxis treated in emergency care?
IM epinephrine, antihistamines, corticosteroids, and airway support.
What are the common causes of pediatric seizures?
Fever (febrile seizures), epilepsy, head injury, and metabolic disturbances.
How are pediatric seizures managed in emergency settings?
Airway protection, benzodiazepines for prolonged seizures, and addressing underlying causes.
What are the signs of non-accidental injury in children?
Inconsistent injury history, bruises of varying ages, and signs of neglect or abuse.
How is pediatric head trauma different from adults?
Children have a larger head-to-body ratio, thinner skull, and more flexibility, making them more susceptible to brain injuries.
What is the emergency management for pediatric head trauma?
Stabilize the airway, manage cervical spine, monitor ICP, and rapid transport if severe.
What are the symptoms of pediatric meningitis?
Fever, irritability, neck stiffness, and bulging fontanelle in infants.
How is pediatric meningitis managed in emergency settings?
Immediate antibiotic therapy, supportive care, and monitoring for complications.
