T2: Ch. 28-Balance and Imbalance of Body Fluids

Question 1

What type of dehydration: occurs in conditons in which electrolyte and water deficits are present in approx. balanced proprotions

Answer 1

Isotonic contions

Question 2

What type of dehydration: The ELECTROLYTE deficits exceeds the water deficits

Answer 2

HYPOtonic

Question 3

In HYPOtonic dehydration, what are the plasma sodium concentrations?

Answer 3

Less than 130

Question 4

What type of dehydration: WATER loss in excess of electrolyte loss

Answer 4

HYPERTONIC

Question 5

In hypertonic dehydration, it is usually caused by a proportionately larger loss of ____ or larger intake of _____

Answer 5

Larger LOSS of water or larger INTAKE of electrolytes

Question 6

What dehydration is the primary form of dehydration in children?

Answer 6

Isotonic

Question 7

What dehydration is the most dangerous type and requires much more specific fluid therapy?

Answer 7

HYPERtonic

Question 8

What dehydration sometimes occurs in infants with diarrhea who are given fluids by mouth that contain large amounts of solute

Answer 8

HYPERtonic

Question 9

What dehydraton occurs in children receiving high protein NG tube feedings that place an excessive solute load on the kidneys

Answer 9

HYPERtonic

Question 10

Clinical signs of dehydration: weight loss in INFANTS is 3-5%

Answer 10

Mild dehydration

Question 11

Clinical signs of dehydration: weight loss in INFANTS is 6-9%

Answer 11

Moderate dehydraton

Question 12

Clinical signs of dehydration: weight loss in INFANTS is >10%

Answer 12

Severe dehydration

Question 13

Weight loss in children:
Mild?
Moderate?
Severe?

Answer 13

Mild: 3-4%
Moderate: 6-8%
Severe: 10%

Question 14

What would pulse be in mild dehydration?

Answer 14

Normal

Question 15

What would pulse be in moderate dehydration?

Answer 15

Slightly increased

Question 16

What would pulse be in severe dehydration?

Answer 16

Very increased

Question 17

What would RR be in mild dehydration?

Answer 17

Normal

Question 18

What would RR be in moderate dehydration?

Answer 18

Slightly tachypnea (rapid)

Question 19

What would RR be in severe dehydration?

Answer 19

Hyperpnea (deep and rapid)

Question 20

What would BP be in mild dehydration?

Answer 20

Normal

Question 21

What would BP be in moderate dehydration?

Answer 21

Normal to orthostatic (>10mmHg change)

Question 22

What would BP be in severe dehydration?

Answer 22

Orthostatic to shock

Question 23

What would behavior be in mild dehydration?

Answer 23

Normal

Question 24

What would behavior be in moderate dehydration?

Answer 24

Irritable, more thirsty

Question 25

What would behavior be in severe dehydration?

Answer 25

Hyperirritable to LETHARGIC

Question 26

What would thirst be like in mid dehydration?

Answer 26

Slight

Question 27

What would thirst be like in moderate dehydration?

Answer 27

Moderate

Question 28

What would thirst be like in severe dehydration?

Answer 28

Intense

Question 29

What would mucous membranes be in mild, moderate, and severe dehydration?

Answer 29

Mild: normal Moderate: dry Severe: PARCHED

Question 30

Are tears present in mild dehydration?

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

Are tears present in moderate dehydration?

Answer 31

Decreased

Question 32

Are tears present in severe dehydration?

Answer 32

No, absent SUNKEN EYES

Question 33

How does anterior fontanel look with mild dehydration?

Answer 33

Normal

Question 34

How does anterior fontanel look with moderate dehydration?

Answer 34

Normal to sunken

Question 35

How does anterior fontanel look with severe dehydrate?

Answer 35

SUNKEN

Question 36

Can you see external jugular vein with mild dehydration?

Answer 36

Visible when SUPINE

Question 37

Can you see external jugular vein with moderate dehydration?

Answer 37

Not visible EXCEPT with SUPRAclavicular pressure

Question 38

Can you see external jugular vein with severe dehydration?

Answer 38

Not visible EVEN WITH supreclavicular pressure!!

Question 39

What is cap refill like with mild dehydration?

Answer 39

>2 sec

Question 40

What is cap refill like with moderate dehydration? Skin turgor?

Answer 40

Cap refil: 2-4 sec | Turgor: Decreased

Question 41

What is cap refill like with severe dehydration? What is skin like?

Answer 41

Cap refill: >4 sec and tenting | Skin: Cool, acrocyanotic, or mottled

Question 42

What is urine specific gravity of mild dehydration?

Answer 42

greater than 1.020

Question 43

What is urine specific gravity with moderate dehydration?

Answer 43

greater than 1.020 & OLIGURIA

Question 44

What is urine specific gravity of severe dehydration?

Answer 44

Oliguria or Anuria