T3-Blueprint: Meningitis, Encephalitis, Rabies, & Reye Syndrome

Question 1

Irritation of meninges of the brain due to a bacterial or aseptic infection; potentially fatal

Answer 1

Meningitis

Question 2

What happens in meningitis?

Answer 2

Infection reaches the CNS, CSF then circulates the pathogens through the brain and SC

Question 3

What are the 3 different types of meningitis?

Answer 3

Bacterial
Viral
TB

Question 4

TB meningitis is the biggest sequel to ____

Answer 4

Hydrocephalus

Question 5

What are subjective s/s to meningitis?

Answer 5

Photophobia
Nausea
Irritability
Headache

Question 6

What position should we put a meningitis pt in to relieve discomfort?

Answer 6

Opithotinic position–neck and head hyperextended

Question 7

What is nuchal rigidity

Answer 7

Pain with neck flexion

Question 8

Do meningitis patients have fever?

Answer 8

Yes, as well as lethargy and irritability

Question 9

Meningitis is slow or abrupt onset?

Answer 9

Abrupt

Question 10

How do meningitis patients eat–good or bad?

Answer 10

Poor feeding

Question 11

Meningitis patients may have increased ICP..What are signs of increased ICP?

Answer 11

Seizures
Chill cry
Vomiting
Bulging fontanel

Question 12

What is the kerning sign?

Answer 12

Raise the childs leg with knee flexed, then extend childs leg at the knee–if any resistance is noted or pain is felt, it is a positive sign for meningitis

Question 13

What is the brudinski sign?

Answer 13

Flex the childs head while supine–if this action makes the knees or hips flex involuntarily, this is a positive sign

Question 14

What is the lab signs for bacterial?

Answer 14

• CSF: cloudy, turbulent
• Glucose= reduced (0-15 mg/dL)
• WBC elevated
• Protein elevated (100-500)
• Positive gram stain

Question 15

What are the lab signs for viral meningitis?

Answer 15

• CSF: Slightly cloudy
• Protein normal or slightly elevated (30-100)
• Glucose=Normal
• WBC elevated
• Negative gram stain

Question 16

What may be the initial sign of meningitis?

Answer 16

Seizure

Question 17

What should we monitor if our patient is getting gentmycin to treat their meningitis?

Answer 17

Monitor hearing loss

Question 18

If a patient has meningitis do they go to isolation?

Answer 18

Yes, isolation for 24 hours if on antibiotics

Question 19

How do we treat cerebral edema?

Answer 19

Mannitol

Question 20

Should we elevate the head of a meningitis pt.?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

How do we reduce stimulation for meningitis pts?

Answer 21

Dark room
Limit visitation
IV fluids

Question 22

What helps prevent meningitis?

Answer 22

H flu faccine

Question 23

Inflammation of the brain usually caused by a viral infection (ex: like meningitis)

Answer 23

Encephalitis

Question 24

What is the most common cause after newborn period for a baby to get encephalitis?

Answer 24

HSV1

Question 25

Enteriovirus also can cause encephalitis. What are examples?

Answer 25

1. Echovirus 2. Adenovirus 3. Arbovirus 4. Rabies 5. Hep B 6. Bacteria 7. Parasites

Question 26

Etiology of encephalitis..What is echovirus?

Answer 26

Non pruritic, discrete, red, maculo-papular rash

Question 27

What are symptoms of encephalitis?

Answer 27

Febril illness with neurologic signs -personality changes, hallucinations, disorientation, ataxia, seizure, coma, etc

Question 28

T/F: Insect bites can cause encephalitis

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

T/F: If meningitis is caught early, then the patient may be ok

Answer 29

True

Question 30

With encephalitis, ______ normally occurs

Answer 30

Neurological impairment

Question 31

Encephalitis usually always end up in the ____

Answer 31

ICU

Question 32

A chronic condition that is a complication of an acute condition that begins during that acute condition

Answer 32

Sequalae

Question 33

Viral infection affecting the CNS

Answer 33

Rabies

Question 34

What are symptoms of rabies?

Answer 34

Fever Malaise Sore throat Choking fro laryngospasm

Question 35

Immediately after getting bitten by an animal, what should happen?

Answer 35

Get a vaccine--need multiple shots---day of and days 3, 7, 14, and 28

Question 36

Toxic encephalopathy

Answer 36

Reyes syndrome

Question 37

What is symptoms of Reyes?

Answer 37

- Fever - Impaired consciousness (cerebral edema) - Dysfunctional liver (fatty chagnes, increased ammonia levels)

Question 38

What does Reye syndrome usually follow?

Answer 38

Flu, varicella---some sort of viral illness

Question 39

What can cause Reyes?

Answer 39

ASPIRIN---use of sacalytes (that word is spelt wrong, but something like that)