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Pediatrics-MJ > T3-Blueprint: Asthma & Heart Disease > Flashcards

T3-Blueprint: Asthma & Heart Disease Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

A reversible process characterized by variations in central and/or peripheral airway obstruction over short periods of time

A

Asthma

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2
Q

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role. It is characterized by what 3 things?

A
  1. Chronic inflammation
  2. Bronchoconstriction
  3. Brochial hyperresponsiveness
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3
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of asthma?

A
  • Wheezing, sometimes rhonchi (beware the slitting asthmatic)
  • Coughing
  • Dyspnea
  • Prolonged expiration
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4
Q

Are anti-inflammatory drugs controllers or rescuers?

A

Controllers

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5
Q

Anti-inflammatory drugs should be taken at the ____ everyday. Do we take it even if we have no symptoms and feel better?

A

Same time everyday; taken even if symptoms are not present and you feel better

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6
Q

What are some examples of anti-inflammatory drugs?

A

Fluticasone
Budesonide
Theophylline

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7
Q

What is the important thing to remember when taking the anti-inflammatory drug, theophylline?

A

Must check blood once a year while on this drug

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8
Q

What is teaching about metered dose inhalers?

A
  1. Shake inhaler
  2. Attach spacer
  3. Tilt head back slightly and breathe out slowly
  4. Insert mouthpiece
  5. At end of normal expiration, depress inhaler firmly and breathe slowly (3-5 sec)
  6. Hold breath 5-10 sec
  7. Remove inhaler and breathe out slowly through the nose

*wait 1 minute in between puffs

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9
Q

Are bronchodilators controllers or rescuers?

A

Rescuers

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10
Q

How long does it take bronchodilators to work?

A

They are rescue meds–quick relief inhalers take 5 minutes to work

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11
Q

What are SABA meds? What is an example of when we should take these?

A

Albuterol
Levalbuterol
Terbutaline

Prior to exercise

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12
Q

What is an example of a LABA med?

A

Salmaterol

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13
Q

Who should Salmaterol not be given to?

A

Children under 12

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14
Q

What is an example of a combo drug? Is it controller or rescuer?

A

Fluticasone/Salmaterol (maintenance control)

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15
Q

What do corticosteroids do?

A

Decrease inflammation

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16
Q

What are some corticosteroid meds?

A

Budesonide
Fluticasone
Methylprednisolone (iv or oral)
Predisone (oral)

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17
Q

What is a non steroid anti-inflammatory NSAID drug? What does it do? How is it given? What are side effects?

A

Cromolyn Sodium

Stabilized mast cell membranes and inhibits release of mediators

Given via nebulizer or MDI

Minimal SE

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18
Q

Mediators of inflammation that block inflammatory and bronchospasm effects

A

Leukotrienes

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19
Q

Are Leukotriens controllers or rescuers? Example?

A

Control

Montelukast
Zafirlukast

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20
Q

Relieve acute bronchospasm; block PNS

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A

Anticholinergics

21
Q

What are examples for anticholinergics?

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A

Atripine

Ipratropium

22
Q

Ipratropium is an anticholinergic. What can this cause?

23
Q

What drug is this: blocks binding of IgE to mast cells and inhibits the inflammation associated with asthma

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A

Monoclonal antibody (omalizumab)

24
Q

Potent muscle relaxant that acts to decrease inflammation and improve pulmonary function?

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A

Magnesium sulfate

IV drug (normally used in ER)

25
What should we watch in a child taking albuterol?
Tremors and tachycardia
26
What should we watch for in a child who is taking ipratroprium?
Dry mouth
27
What should we watching for in a child who is using inhaled meds?
Oral mucosa infection secondary to use of inhaled meds
28
What should we observe in a child who is using steroid drugs?
Assess weight, BP, electrolytes, glucose, and growth
29
What is a MDI spacer?
A spacer tha holds medicine in tube so cold can breathe in the medicine
30
Follows strep throat when strep is not treated properly
Rheumatic heart disease (RF-rheumatic fever)
31
RF is a disease caused by a group of bacteria known as ____
Group A streptococcus
32
Rheumatic heart disease can damage the _____
Valves of the heart
33
**Jones Criteria for RHD | What are the minor manifestations?
- Fever - Artralgia - Elevated acute phase reactants - Prolonged PR interval
34
**Jones Criteria for RHD | What are the major manifestations?
- Carditis - Polyartritis - Syndenham's Chorea - Erythemia marginatum - Subcutaneous Nodules
35
Major manifestations of RHD: What is Sydenham's Chorea and how is it relieved?
Sudden, aimless, purposeless movements Relieved by rest and sleep
36
Major manifestations of RHD: What is erythema marginatum?
Classic eruption of RF Flat, macular, circular, distinct WAVY border on trunk or arms
37
Major manifestations of RHD: How is the rash? Itching?
Flat, macular, circular, distinct WAVY border--Chicken wire NO itching
38
Major manifestations of RHD: What are subcutaneous nodules and what do they contain?
Small, hard, non-tender swellings Contain Aschoff bodies
39
RHD: What can be given for polyarthritis (inflammation of joints)?
Aspirin
40
Mitral valve damage (valve is incompetent and stenotic)
Endocarditis
41
What is bacterial endocarditis?
Infection of valves and inner lining
42
Bacterial endocarditis is sequalae to _____
Bacteremia
43
What is s/s of bacterial endocarditis?
- Low grade, intermittent fever - Malaise - Athralgias - New murmur
44
What is treatment for endocarditis?
Prophylactic antibiotics (penicillin) especially before dentistry and procedures
45
Systemic vasculitis
Kawasaki Disease
46
Kawasaki disease: what is ectasia?
Dilation of coronary artery that leads to aneurysm
47
Symptoms of Kawasaki disease?
- High fever - RED EYES - RING AROUND IRIS - STRAWBERRY TONGUE - Rash (desquamates)
48
What are serious symptoms of Kawasaki disease?
MI
49
Treatment for Kawasaki disease?
High dose of IVID and salicylate therapy Aspirin!

Pediatrics-MJ (61 decks)

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