14 - The Cardiovascular System Flashcards
(107 cards)
0
Q
What are the functions of blood?
A
Transport gases, nutrients, and hormones throughout the body tissues; remove waste products from the tissues; regulate the body’s pH; regulate the amounts of fluid present in the tissues; assist in regulating body temperature; and protect against pathogens.
1
Q
The study of the heart and the circulatory system and it’s diseases and disorders.
A
Cardiology
2
Q
What percent is the plasma in the blood?
A
55%
3
Q
Plasma is composed of what percent of water?
A
90%
4
Q
Regulates the blood pressure by functioning like a sponge to keep water in the vascular compartment to maintain plasma volume.
A
Albumins
5
Q
Helps fight infection and transport a variety of substances.
A
Globulins
6
Q
Causes blood to clot.
A
Fibrinogens
7
Q
What percentage of blood is red blood cells?
A
40 -50%
8
Q
Another term for red blood cells.
A
Erythrocytes
9
Q
Another term for white blood cells.
A
Leukocytes
10
Q
Cell fragments that contribute to blood clotting.
A
Thrombocytes
11
Q
The process of blood clotting.
A
Coagulation
12
Q
Another term for blood clot.
A
Thrombus
13
Q
A blood clot that breaks free and moves through the vessel.
A
Embolism
14
Q
The blood types depend on the presence or absence of what?
A
ABO antigens
15
Q
The major vein draining the thorax and the head, ending at the right atrium.
A
Superior vena cava
16
Q
A large venous trunk draining the lower extremities and the abdominopelvic region.
A
Inferior vena cava
17
Q
The only veins that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
A
Pulmonary veins
18
Q
A measurement of the volume of blood ejected from the heart per minute.
A
Cardiac output
19
Q
The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle.
A
Systole
20
Q
A contraction of the atrium.
A
Atrial systole
21
Q
The pacemaker of the heart; it is the impulse-generating tissue that normally dictates heart rate.
A
Sinoatrial node (SA)
22
Q
The largest artery in the body; it originates at the heart and branches into the extremities, the neck, and all the major organs; supplies oxygenated blood throughout the body.
A
Aorta
23
Q
A heart valve that divides the left ventricle from the aorta.
A
Aortic valve
24
A vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
Artery
25
A structure located between the atria and the ventricles that conducts electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles.
Atrioventricular node (AV)
26
One of the two upper (receiving) chambers of the heart.
Atrium
27
A pressure receptor on the inside walls of some arteries that is sensitive to stretching of the walls occurring from an increase in pressure.
Baroreceptor
28
The heart valve that divides the left atrium from the left ventricle. It has two flaps; also known as the mitral valve.
Bicuspid valve
29
A group of specialized cells that rapidly conduct electrical impulses down into the ventricles.
Bundle branch
30
The smallest blood vessel that contains oxygenated blood.
Capillary
31
The complete round of circulation from the time one event in the heart occurs until the instant when the same event occurs again.
Cardiac cycle
32
A measurement of the volume of blood ejected from the heart per minute.
Cardiac output
33
Referring to a slowing of the heart rate.
Cardioinhibitory
34
The A-B-C procedure to artificially return the heartbeat to normal. Establish an airway, provide ventilation to restart breathing, and perform chest compressions to reestablish circulation.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
35
Cells that are specialized to rapidly spread the electrical signal through the myocardium.
Conduction pathway
36
The arteries that supply the heart with oxygenated blood.
Coronary arteries
37
An outlet that drains the five coronary veins into the right atrium.
Coronary sinus
38
The time it takes in between ventricular contractions for ventricular filling to occur; the phase during which the heart muscle relaxes.
Diastole
39
The innermost of the three layers of the heart wall.
Endocardium
40
The outermost of the three layers of the heart wall.
Epicardium
41
The number of beats per minute.
Heart rate
42
A venous system draining the intestines that leads to a second set of capillaries in the liver.
Hepatic portal system
43
The cavity in a blood vessel through which blood flows.
Lumen
44
The middle of the three layers forming the wall of the heart; the muscular wall of the heart.
Myocardium
45
The concentration of hydrogen ion, used as a scale to denote acidity or alkalinity.
PH scale
46
The circulation of blood through the lungs.
Pulmonary circulation
47
A valve that divides the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
Pulmonary valve
48
Veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
Pulmonary veins
49
A type of fiber that stimulates the contraction of the myocardium.
Purkinje fibers
50
The pacemaker tissue of the heart; an impulse-generating tissue.
Sinoatrial node (SA)
51
The amount of blood that is pumped out of one ventricle as a result of one contraction of the cardiac muscle.
Stroke volume
52
A nerve or substance that causes a blood vessel to constrict.
Vasoconstrictor
53
A nerve or substance that causes a blood vessel to dilate.
Vasodilator
54
A vessel that carries blood toward the heart.
Vein
55
The chamber of the heart responsible for pumping the blood.
Ventricle
56
A tiny vessel that collectively forms veins.
Venule
57
A life-threatening allergic reaction resulting in difficulty breathing and low blood pressure.
Anaphylactic shock
58
A deficiency of red blood cells that results in too little oxygen reaching tissues and organs.
Anemia
59
A blood-filled, pulsing sac formed by the dilation of the wall of an artery or vein.
Aneurysm
60
Chest pain resulting from inadequate oxygen reaching the heart muscle, characterized by a "squeezing" feeling in the middle of the chest; usually caused by atherosclerosis.
Angina
61
A total lack of oxygen in the tissues.
Anoxia
62
A condition resulting from the bone marrow producing too few red and white blood cells; too little oxygen reaches the organs and tissues; the usual causes are drugs, radiation, and/or cancer.
Aplastic anemia
63
An irregular heartbeat.
Arrhythmia
64
A general term for hardening or calcification of the arteries.
Arteriosclerosis
65
A progressive narrowing and hardening of the walls of the arteries caused by fatty deposits that build on the inner walls of the arteries and interfere with blood flow.
Atherosclerosis
66
A decrease in red and white blood cells and platelets, leading to anemia, increased risk for infections, and excess bleeding.
Bone marrow suppression
67
An unusual slowness of the heartbeat.
Bradycardia
68
A complete shutdown of the heart's pumping action, probably caused by a heart attack, respiratory arrest, electrical shock, extreme cold, blood loss, drug overdose, or severe allergic reaction.
Cardiac arrest
69
Inadequate oxygen delivery to the tissues caused by heart failure, causing depression of all bodily functions.
Cardiogenic shock
70
A birth defect that results in the aorta being too narrow for sufficient blood transport.
Coarctation of the aorta
71
An insufficient pumping action of the heart that leads to an accumulation of fluid in the lungs, causing shortness of breath and swelling of the lower extremities.
Congestive heart failure
72
A narrowing of the arteries that prevents adequate blood flow to the heart, ultimately resulting in a heart attack.
Coronary artery disease
73
A blue tint to the skin, nails, or mucous membranes resulting from a lack of oxygen in the arterial blood.
Cyanosis
74
Blood clots in the veins of the inner thigh or leg that have the potential to break off and go into the lungs, causing respiratory distress or failure.
Deep vein thrombosis
75
Swelling caused by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extracellular space.
Edema
76
A blood clot that forms in the vessel in one part of the body and travels to another part.
Embolus
77
Tissue death from a lack of oxygen or nutrients, resulting in bacterial infection and putrefaction.
Gangrene
78
The delay or complete block of electrical impulses in the heart.
Heart block
79
An anemia resulting from red cells that survive an abnormally short time.
Hemolytic anemia
80
A genetic condition characterized by the absence of clotting factors in the blood.
Hemophilia
81
Anemia resulting from a loss of blood.
Hemorrhagic anemia
82
A painful swelling varicosity around the opening of the anus.
Hemorrhoid
83
Persistently high blood pressure.
Hypertension
84
Abnormally low blood pressure.
Hypotension
85
Abnormally low levels of plasma in the blood, resulting in the inability to maintain proper blood pressure and tissue function, and profound physical depression of the entire body.
Hypovolemic shock
86
A decrease of oxygen to an area even though there may be adequate blood flow.
Hypoxia
87
A malignancy of the blood-forming tissue, causing a seriously abnormal increase of leukocytes (white blood cells) in the tissue.
Leukemia
88
A floppy bicuspid valve that is working incorrectly, usually causes no symptoms.
Mitral valve proplapse
89
An irreversible injury to the heart muscle; commonly known as a heart attack.
Myocardial infarction
90
Abnormal heart function caused by a lack of sufficient oxygen to the heart muscle; may lead to electrical arrhythmias, mechanical dysfunction of the heart, angina, or myocardial infarction.
Myocardial ischemia
91
An abnormal heart sound most often caused by heart valves not functioning correctly.
Murmur
92
Cell death caused by disease or injury; may progress to include tissue and organ damage.
Necrosis
93
Anemia caused by a deficiency of iron, folic acid, vitamins, or proteins necessary to build red blood cells.
Nutritional anemia
94
A birth defect causing the normal channel between the aorta and the pulmonary artery to fail to close.
Patent ductus arteriosus
95
An inflammation of the pericardium.
Pericarditis
96
An anemia that results from an insufficient number of red blood cells caused by the lack of vitamin B12 in the body.
Pernicious anemia
97
The inflammation of a vein.
Phlebitis
98
Blood vessel spasms in the fingers and toe, resulting in pallor (discoloration); indicative of a lack of circulation.
Raynaud disease
99
A birth defect involving a hole in the wall between the upper chambers of the heart.
Septal defect
100
The presence of bacteria in the blood.
Septicemia
101
A frequently fatal type of shock that often accompanies burns or traumatic abdominal wounds resulting from endotoxins (toxin-like cells that bind to bacteria) released by the infecting bacteria.
Septic shock
102
A type of blood disease common in African Americans and others who originate in areas where malaria is common.
Sickle cell anemia
103
An excessively rapid heartbeat, usually classified as more than 100 beats per minute.
Tachycardia
104
A congenital birth defect in which the aorta is on the wrong side; the most serious of several heart conditions occurring together and resulting in a "blue baby" from lack of oxygen.
Tetralogy of Fallot
105
An inflammation of a vein with the potential for blood clotting.
Thrombophlebitis
106
An abnormal swelling of the veins of the legs.
Varicose veins
