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National Exam > 9 - Muscular System > Flashcards

9 - Muscular System Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

The point where muscle attaches to the moving bone is referred to as the _____

A

Insertion

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2
Q

The connective tissue that binds muscles together is the ______

A

Fascia

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3
Q

Lack of oxygen to the muscle causes _____

A

Ischemia

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4
Q

RICE is the acronym for _____

A

Rest, ice, compression, elevation

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5
Q

The fleshy part of a muscle is the _____

A

Belly

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6
Q

A progressive loss of muscle fibers without any nervous system involvement is caused by _____

A

Muscular Dystrophy

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7
Q

A progressive weakening of the muscle caused by degenerating neurons is ______

A

Muscular atrophy

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8
Q

The study of the muscular system is called _____

A

Myology

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9
Q

The condition in which the tendon sheath is inflamed is called _____

A

Tenosynovitis

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10
Q

The number of muscles in the human body is ____

A

630

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11
Q

____ is a condition also known as wry neck.

A

Torticollis

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12
Q

The only one of the following conditions that could be caused by poisoning would be:

a. Poliomyelitis
b. Anterior compartment syndrome
c. Myositis ossificans
d. Acquired toxic myopathy

A

Acquired toxic myopathy

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13
Q

____ means pear-shaped.

A

Piriformis

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14
Q

Spreading your fingers is an example of _____

A

Abduction

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15
Q

The rotator cuff muscles include ____

A

Teres minor, subscapularis, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus

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16
Q

The study of the muscular system.

A

Myology

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17
Q

Muscles also called striated (striped) are referred to as voluntary muscles because they enable conscious movements.

A

Skeletal muscles

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18
Q

Non striated (striped) muscles that contract involuntarily; they line various internal organs and blood vessels.

A

Smooth muscles

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19
Q

Muscle found only in the heart and is striated (striped) but also contracts involuntarily.

A

Cardiac muscle

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20
Q

The point where the muscle attaches to the stationary bone. It is usually closest to the trunk of the body, or proximal.

A

Origin

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21
Q

The mid-portion of the muscle, or fleshy part between the insertion and origin.

A

Belly

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22
Q

The prime mover that is the main muscle that contracts to perform an action.

A

Agonist

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23
Q

The opposing muscle that stretches and yields to the actions of the agonist.

A

Antagonist

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24
Q

Another term for connective tissue.

A

Fascia

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25
What fascia keeps the muscles separated from the skin?
Superficial fascia
26
Which fascia holds in body temperature and serves as muscle protection.
Adipose fascia
27
Which fascia lines the body walls and related muscles together in addition to carrying blood and lymph vessels?
Deep fascia
28
The outer layer of the muscle that covers the whole muscle.
Epimysium
29
The center layer of the muscle that surrounds muscle fibers that are separated into groups of fascicles.
Perimysium
30
Muscle fibers that are separated into groups of 10 to more than 100.
Fascicles
31
The thin sheet of connective tissue that surrounds the inside of each fascicle and separates the individual muscle fibers.
Endomysium
32
What each individual muscle fiber in composed of.
Myofibrils
33
Cords of thick tissue that serve as the attachments between skeletal muscle and bone.
Tendons
34
A connective tissue that stretches over a broad, flat area, such as on the heel or the top of the head.
Aponeurosis
35
The ability for muscle tissue to respond to stimuli by producing electrical signals.
Electrical excitability
36
The ability for muscle tissue to contract when stimulated by a nerve signal.
Contractility
37
The ability for muscle tissue to stretch without being damaged.
Extensibility
38
The ability for muscle tissue to return to its original shape and length after it has been contracted or extended.
Elasticity
39
A gap between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber where nerve signals are transmitted.
Synapse
40
The three proteins that muscles are made of.
Contractile Regulatory Structural
41
What is the synapse known as?
Neuromuscular junction
42
Muscle fibers that are tiny and contract slowly. They are capable of prolonged contraction - for instance, enabling us to stand for hours.
Slow-twitch fibers
43
Muscle fibers that are larger in diameter and can produce the most powerful contractions, but fatigue quickly.
Fast-twitch fibers
44
An alternating pattern of motor units being active and inactive, resulting in keeping the muscle firm without causing any action causes _____
Muscle tone
45
A characteristic of muscle fibers where the stimulus must be strong enough to excite the entire fiber - or none of the muscle will react.
All-or-none response
46
Action where the bone (and muscle) is coming closer to the midline.
Adduction
47
Action where the bone (and muscle) is moving away from the midline.
Abduction
48
Decreasing the angle of a joint.
Flexion
49
Movement turning inward.
Inversion
50
Movement turning upward.
Supination
51
Movement turning downward.
Pronation
52
A muscle that moves bone away from the midline.
Abductor
53
A muscle that moves bone closer to the midline.
Adductor
54
The main muscle that contracts to perform an action; also known as the prime mover.
Agonist
55
The opposing muscle that stretches and yields to the the agonist.
Antagonist
56
Muscle having two heads.
Biceps
57
Shortest muscle.
Brevis
58
A muscle that turns inferiorly or posteriorly.
Pronator
59
A muscle that produces inferior motions.
Depressor
60
A muscle that decreases the angle of a joint.
Flexor
61
A muscle that contracts to stabilize intermediate joints to either help prevent unwanted movements or aid the movement of the agonist.
Synergist
62
Stretching or tearing of a ligament.
Sprain
63
Tearing of a muscle itself and is usually less serious.
Strain
64
A general term that refers to any disease of the muscle.
Myopathy
65
A progressive weakening of the muscle caused by degenerating neurons.
Muscular atrophy
66
A collective term for diseases that cause a progressive loss of muscle fibers without any nervous system involvement.
Muscular dystrophy
67
A benign tumor composed of muscle tissue.
Myoma
68
Inflammation of the muscle.
Myositis
69
When muscle tissue accumulates calcium deposits and begins to harden.
Myositis ossificans
70
A permanent shortening of a muscle
Contracture
71
A permanent shortening of a muscle caused by damaged or destroyed muscle fibers being replaced by scar tissue, usually caused by a lack of circulation from some outside interference such as cast or elastic bandage that is too tight.
Volkmann contracture
72
A painless thickening of the fascia in the palm of the hand that results in the inability to move the digits.
Dupuytren contracture
73
Tender areas of hyperirritability that cause sensations to be referred to an area outside of the specific tenderness.
Trigger points
74
Damage to muscle caused by environmental toxins or by a failure of the body to metabolize certain nutrients; not a genetic condition.
Acquired metabolic and toxic myopathies
75
Another term for shin splints.
Anterior compartment syndrome
76
A chronic condition characterized by severe chronic fatigue of six months or longer duration. Linked to the Epstein-Barr virus.
Chronic fatigue syndrome
77
An unusually painful muscle contraction.
Cramp/spasm
78
Muscles that are weak, lax or soft
Flaccidity
79
A protrusion of an organ or other tissue through an abnormal opening in the wall of the cavity normally containing it, or in the soft tissue.
Hernia
80
Inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot; very painful.
Plantar fasciitis
81
An acute viral disease that can end in permanent muscle atrophy and contracture.
Poliomyelitis
82
A neuromuscular syndrome that may develop years after recovering from polio.
Post-polio syndrome
83
A tear in one of the rotator cuff muscles.
Rotator cuff tear
84
Tenderness, swelling and pain of the anterior leg muscles.
Shin splint
85
A condition characterized by increased muscle tone in which abnormal stretch reflexes intensify muscle resistance to passive movements.
Spasticity
86
Inflammation of tendons and muscle attachments.
Tendinitis
87
Inflammation of the tendon sheath (covering).
Tenosynovitis
88
A contracted state of the cervical muscles, producing a twisted neck and unnatural head position; sometimes referred to as "wry neck".
Torticollis

National Exam (22 decks)

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