15 - The Lymphatic and Immune System

Question 0

A substance that can cause a specific immune response and then reacts with the products of the response.

Answer 0

Antigen

Question 1

A protein molecule produced by B cells.

Answer 1

Antibody

Question 2

Nodes around the axilary (armpit) area that receive lymph drainage from the upper arm and the scapular and pectoral regions; they drain into the subclavian trunk.

Answer 2

Axilary lymph nodes

Question 3

A type of lymphocyte that specializes in producing antibodies.

Answer 3

B cell

Question 4

A sac on the inferior portion of the thoracic duct that holds chyle, a milky yellow fluid that drains from the intestines.

Answer 4

Cisterns chyli

Question 5

An immune defense system of plasma proteins that destroy microbes.

Answer 5

Complement system

Question 6

A protein released by cells that affects cell-to-cell communication and interactions.

Answer 6

Cytokines

Question 7

One of several types of antibodies; a protein derived from blood that has been infected with a pathogen; antibodies are created, isolated, and injected into the human body to cause short-term immunity.

Answer 7

Gamma globulin

Question 8

One of several small nodes deep to the tensor fascia lata that receive lymph drainage from the deep structures of the lower limbs.

Answer 8

Inguinal lymph node

Question 9

A natural cytokine secreted by the body to keep viruses from infecting cells and replicating.

Answer 9

Interferon

Question 10

One of the lymphatic vessels that transports a milky fluid (chyle) through the small intestine and the mesenteric glands to the thoracic ducts.

Answer 10

Lacteal

Question 11

One of a chain of lymph nodes located around the inferior vena cava.

Answer 11

Lumbar lymph node

Question 12

The beginning of a lymphatic vessel.

Answer 12

Lymph capillary

Question 13

A tube that allows the passage of lymph from one place to another.

Answer 13

Lymph duct

Question 14

A bean-sized organ located throughout the body.

Answer 14

Lymph node

Question 15

A facial lymph node that is located at the point where the facial artery crosses the mandible.

Answer 15

Mandibular lymph node

Question 16

A cell that that remains after the body mounts an immune response to an antigen and is capable of an immediate response to the reappearance of the same antigens.

Answer 16

Memory cells

Question 17

A node located in and around the abdominal membranes.

Answer 17

Mesenteric lymph nodes

Question 18

A large, oval-shaped mass of lymphatic tissue located in the wall of the pharynx at the back of the throat; the structure commonly referred to as the tonsils.

Answer 18

Palatine tonsils

Question 19

Cell capable of “swallowing up” other cells (harmful ones) and even digesting them.

Answer 19

Phagocyte

Question 20

A group of small lymphatic nodules located on the back and roof of the nasopharynx.

Answer 20

Pharyngeal tonsils

Question 21

Two groups of nodes located around the back of the knee that drain the skin of the posterior leg; deep structures of the leg, and side of the foot.

Answer 21

Popliteal lymph nodes

Question 22

A type of cell derived from the thymus that helps coordinate immune system functions through the secretion of hormones.

Answer 22

T cell

Question 23

Specialized T cells that destroy infected or other diseased cells, including cancer cells; the most significant component of the cellular immune response.

Answer 23

T-cytotoxic cells

Question 24

A type of T cell that regulates the immune response.

Answer 24

T-helper cell

Question 25

The major efferent lymph duct into which most lymph nodes drain.

Answer 25

Thoracic duct

Question 26

Lymphatic tissues covered by a membrane and located on either side of the throat.

Answer 26

Tonsils

Question 27

A localized collection of pus caused by an infection

Answer 27

Abscess

Question 28

The most common type of childhood leukemia; a rapid growing cancer of the blood causing an abnormal increase in white blood cells.

Answer 28

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Question 29

A type of cancer in the blood that usually affects adults; it affects the immature blood cells in the bone marrow.

Answer 29

Acute myeloblastic leukemia

Question 30

A disease caused by infection from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which attacks the immune system and causes it to eventually fail.

Answer 30

AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)

Question 31

A hypersensitivity to a particular allergen, resulting in harmful reactions on subsequent exposures.

Answer 31

Allergy

Question 32

A type of non-Hogkin lymphoma that causes a fast-growing tumor in the abdomen of children; thought to be associated with Epstein-Barr virus.

Answer 32

Burkitt lymphoma

Question 33

An illness of unknown origin, characterized by extreme fatigue, swelling of the lymph nodes, muscle aches, and general weakness; also thought to associated with Epstein-Barr.

Answer 33

Chronic fatigue syndrome

Question 34

Swelling caused by abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces of the body.

Answer 34

Edema

Question 35

A rare disorder of the lymphatic system caused by parasitic worms that are transmitted by mosquitos, in which inflammation and blockage of the lymphatic vessels causes extreme edema formation and enlargement of the affected area, most commonly a limb or parts of the head and torso.

Answer 35

Elephantiasis

Question 36

A herpes virus that causes infectious mononucleosis; also thought to be associated with Burkitt lymphoma and chronic fatigue syndrome.

Answer 36

Epstein-Barr virus

Question 37

A physiological response to infection and/or inflammation, wherein the body's temperature rises above normal.

Answer 37

Fever

Question 38

A malignant illness that begins with infection in one lymph node and progressively spreads throughout the lymphatic system, into the spleen, liver, and eventually the bone marrow.

Answer 38

Hodgkin disease

Question 39

An acute or chronic cancerous disease characterized by a seriously abnormal increase of leukocytes (white blood cells) in the tissue; there may or may not be an increase in the number of leukocytes in the circulating blood.

Answer 39

Leukemia

Question 40

Fluid accumulation under the skin caused by obstructed lymph, characterized by a swelling of the tissues, especially in the extremities.

Answer 40

Lymphedema

Question 41

A malignant tumor occurring in the lymphatic system.

Answer 41

Lymphoma

Question 42

An acute infection of the lymphatic tissue caused by the Epstein-Barr virus; characterized by fever and swollen lymph nodes and abnormal increase of mononuclear leukocytes or monocytes in the bloodstream.

Answer 42

Mononucleosis

Question 43

Nonacceptance of transplanted or grafted tissue in the body.

Answer 43

Rejection

Question 44

An enlargement of the spleen.

Answer 44

Splenomegaly

Question 45

A chronic, inflammatory, immune complex disorder, resulting from an immune system malfunction that causes antibodies and antibody-antigen complexes to be produced to the victim's own tissues; severe inflammations and organ damage often occur.

Answer 45

Systemic lupus erythematosus