6 - Cellular Level of the Body

Question 1

Energy for many of the body’s processes is supplied by ________

Answer 1

ATP

Question 2

______ is the study of the structure of cells.

Answer 2

Cellology

Question 3

The genetic information of cells is encoded in _______

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

Most chemical activities fo the cells take place in the ______

Answer 4

Cytoplasm

Question 5

The splitting of a compound into fragments by adding water is called ______

Answer 5

Hydrolysis

Question 6

Special structures in the cell that perform specific functions.

Answer 6

Organelles

Question 7

Mitosis results in _______

Answer 7

Two daughter cells

Question 8

Lou Gehrig disease is also known as _______

Answer 8

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 9

Which of the following affects people of African descent?

Answer 9

Sickle cell anemia

Question 10

Genetic information is transferred from DNA to the cytoplasm by ______

Answer 10

RNA

Question 11

The _______ is the control center of the cell.

Answer 11

Nucleus

Question 12

A birth defect due to both parents having an abnormal gene is referred to as ______

Answer 12

Recessive inheritance

Question 13

The human genome contains _____ pairs of chromosomes.

Answer 13

23

Question 14

A ____ cell contains a single set of chromosomes.

Answer 14

Haploid

Question 15

Every cell in the body has ____ genes.

Answer 15

50,000+

Question 16

The smallest membrane-enclosed compartment that can sustain life independent of other entities.

Answer 16

Cell

Question 17

The study of the structure and function of cells.

Answer 17

Cytology

Question 18

Another term for cytology.

Answer 18

Cell physiology

Question 19

A protective barrier and a communicator between the environments inside and outside of the cell.

Answer 19

Plasma membrane

Question 20

When the plasma membrane regulates what substances may enter or exit the cell.

Answer 20

Selectively permeable

Question 21

A process during which molecules or ions spread from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration until the concentration is the same throughout the cell.

Answer 21

Diffusion

Question 22

When a substance is diffusing across a semipermeable membrane

Answer 22

Passive transport

Question 23

The energy-requiring movement of ions, nutrients and molecules across the plasma membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, against the substance’s concentration gradient.

Answer 23

Active transport

Question 24

Cell division is sometimes referred to as _______

Answer 24

Proliferation

Question 25

A ______ is a segment of the cell's DNA.

Answer 25

Gene

Question 26

A form of nuclear division in which there are actually two successive divisions without involving and chromosome replication.

Answer 26

Meiosis

Question 27

During meiosis, it results in the formation of 4 daughter cells, each of which are called _______

Answer 27

Haploid

Question 28

The union of an egg and sperm during fertilization yields a ______ egg, with a full set of paired chromosomes.

Answer 28

Diploid

Question 29

The planned death of cells, programmed genetically during different stages of development.

Answer 29

Apoptosis

Question 30

A grooved passage composed of proteins that allow substances to flow in and out of the cell.

Answer 30

Channel

Question 31

The thread-like structure found in the nucleus of a cell that contains DNA and proteins.

Answer 31

Chromosome

Question 32

Tiny hair-like structures that propel single-celled organisms. They serve the purpose of moving particles along a tissue surface.

Answer 32

Cilia

Question 33

An unequal distribution of a substance, often in reference to a higher concentration on one side of the plasma membrane than on the other.

Answer 33

Concentration gradient

Question 34

An abnormality in embryonic or fetal development that is present at birth.

Answer 34

Congenital defect

Question 35

The division of cytoplasm of a cell following division of the nucleus.

Answer 35

Cytokinesis

Question 36

A network of filaments that provide structural support for a cell and act as channels for some types of cellular transport.

Answer 36

Cytoskeleton

Question 37

The fluid part of cytoplasm.

Answer 37

Cytosol

Question 38

A condition that gradually gets worse over time.

Answer 38

Degenerative disease

Question 39

The spontaneous movement of molecules to reach equilibrium, a uniform concentration; occurs naturally and requires no cellular input.

Answer 39

Diffusion

Question 40

The inheritance of a trait or disease from a parent who exhibited the trait and had at least one gene for the trait.

Answer 40

Dominant inheritance

Question 41

A membrane system present throughout the cytoplasm.

Answer 41

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 42

A protein that catalyzes biochemical reactions.

Answer 42

Enzyme

Question 43

A cell that has a nucleus containing genetic material.

Answer 43

Eukaryote

Question 44

The release of material from a cell by the fusion of a closed membrane shell with a plasma membrane.

Answer 44

Exocytosis

Question 45

The passage of liquid through a filter.

Answer 45

Filtration

Question 46

Tiny thread-like extensions that provide locomotion for the cell, are similar to cilia but longer, and in humans are found only on sperm.

Answer 46

Flagella

Question 47

Experimental techniques for producing molecules of DNA containing new genes, usually for the purpose of cloning.

Answer 47

Genetic engineering

Question 48

A cellular organelle; a stack of membrane sacs where sugar is added to protein and where cellular products are packaged.

Answer 48

Golgi apparatus

Question 49

The splitting of a compound into fragments by the addition of water.

Answer 49

Hydrolysis

Question 50

A tiny sac containing enzymes that ingest cellular matter that is damaged or foreign to the body.

Answer 50

Lysosome

Question 51

A change in the genetic material.

Answer 51

Mutation

Question 52

The death of cells resulting from injury.

Answer 52

Necrosis

Question 53

The basic component of DNA and RNA.

Answer 53

Nucleotide

Question 54

The movement of solvent through a semipermeable membrane.

Answer 54

Osmosis

Question 55

The pressure exerted by water or other solvents flowing into a solution through a membrane.

Answer 55

Osmotic pressure

Question 56

A cell that has the ability to ingest and destroy such substances as bacteria and cellular debris.

Answer 56

Phagocyte

Question 57

The uptake of fluid material into a cell.

Answer 57

Pinocytosis

Question 58

A cell whose genetic material is not contained in a nucleus, such as a bacterium.

Answer 58

Prokaryote

Question 59

The inheritance of a trait or disease when both parents have the same abnormal gene, although they may or may not have the trait or disease.

Answer 59

Recessive inheritance

Question 60

The reproduction of an exact copy.

Answer 60

Replication

Question 61

A cellular organelle; a component of RNA involved in synthesizing proteins.

Answer 61

Ribosome

Question 62

The property of the plasma membrane that allows the passage of certain substances into and out of the cell.

Answer 62

Selective permeability

Question 63

An autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism.

Answer 63

Graves' disease

Question 64

A terminal disease characterized by mental and physical deterioration.

Answer 64

Huntington disease

Question 65

Excessive thyroid activity, resulting in insomnia, palpitations, intolerance of heat, and other symptoms.

Answer 65

Hyperthyroidism

Question 66

A deficiency of thyroid activity, resulting lethargy, decreased metabolism, intolerance of cold, and other symptoms.

Answer 66

Hypothyroidism

Question 67

A systemic autoimmune disease in which the body produces antibodies to its own tissues, resulting in severe inflammation to the vital organs.

Answer 67

Lupus

Question 68

A neurological disease causing a progressive loss of muscle contraction, characterized by a slackening of the musculature of the face and upper body and drooping of the eyelids.

Answer 68

Myasthenia

Question 69

A sleep disorder that causes uncontrollable sleep during the day and disturbed sleep at night; may be accompanied by cataplexy, which causes a sudden temporary loss of muscle tone.

Answer 69

Narcolepsy

Question 70

A progressive bone disease resulting in the replacement of normal bone by less strong fibrous and/or unorganized bone tissue.

Answer 70

Paget disease

Question 71

Recurring blood vessel spasms in the digits that causes a pallor (whitening) of the fingers and toes.

Answer 71

Raynaud disease

Question 72

Hyperactivity of the pigmented cells of the retina, leading to blindness.

Answer 72

Retinitis pigmentosa

Question 73

A group of major psychotic disorders that cause irrational thought, delusions, hallucinations and bizarre behavior.

Answer 73

Schizophrenia

Question 74

A birth defect in which the vertebral arch does not fuse close, leaving the spinal cord exposed.

Answer 74

Spina bifida

Question 75

A birth defect among people of Eastern European Jewish heritage that causes early death because of the abnormal metabolism of fats; affects the brain and nerves.

Answer 75

Tay-Sachs disease