18 - The Urinary System

Question 0

The tubule opening of the nephron where water and solutes empty from the bloodstream

Answer 0

Bowman capsule

Question 1

A small vessel that conveys blood to the glomerulus

Answer 1

Afferent arteriole

Question 2

Inlet on the renal pelvis where urine is collected from the renal pyramids

Answer 2

Calyx

Question 3

Twisted segments of the nephrons on either side of the loop of Henle. The proximal convoluted tubule is the first segment of the nephron; the distal convoluted tubule is the last segment of the nephron.

Answer 3

Convoluted tubule

Question 4

A small vessel that conveys blood away from the glomerulus

Answer 4

Efferent arteriole

Question 5

A measurement of the kidney’s ability to filter and and remove waste products from the blood

Answer 5

Glomerular filtration rate

Question 6

A network of capillaries inside the Bowman capsule involved in filtering blood

Answer 6

Glomerulus

Question 7

The curved area of the kidney where the renal artery, renal vein, and ureters enter or leave the kidney

Answer 7

Hilus

Question 8

One of the two large, bean-shaped organs that are the main filters of blood

Answer 8

Kidney

Question 9

The U-shaped part of a nephron

Answer 9

The Loop of Henle

Question 10

Urination

Answer 10

Micturiton

Question 11

The small filtering unit in the kidney made up of blood vessels and tubules; it is the working unit of the kidney.

Answer 11

Nephron

Question 12

A projection that has small openings through which urine drains out of the nephron

Answer 12

Papilla

Question 13

A vessel arising from the efferent arteriole that runs alongside and around the renal tubules and drains into the renal venous system

Answer 13

Peritubular capillary

Question 14

Fibrous connective tissue surrounding the kidneys

Answer 14

Renal capsule

Question 15

The center of the kidney, where the renal pyramids are located

Answer 15

Renal medulla

Question 16

The extension of the ureters inside the kidney that collects urine from the calyces and sends it down the ureters

Answer 16

Renal pelvis

Question 17

A triangular area in the kidney that contains nephrons

Answer 17

Renal pyramid

Question 18

One of two tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Answer 18

Ureter

Question 19

The tube that transports urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Answer 19

Urethra

Question 20

The sac that holds urine before it is expelled from the body; urination occurs when the bladder contracts.

Answer 20

Urinary bladder

Question 21

The liquid waste excreted from the kidneys

Answer 21

Urine

Question 22

A sudden decline of renal function

Answer 22

Acute renal failure

Question 23

An excess amount of nitrogenous waste products in the blood

Answer 23

Azotemia

Question 24

A gradual decline in renal function

Answer 24

Chronic renal failure

Question 25

An inflammation of the urinary bladder

Answer 25

Cystitis

Question 26

A protrusion of the urinary bladder into the vaginal canal, resulting in incontinence

Answer 26

Cystocele

Question 27

A mechanical filtering of the blood done as a treatment for kidney failure

Answer 27

Dialysis

Question 28

Incontinence, including bed-wetting

Answer 28

Enuresis

Question 29

An inflammation of the capillary loops in the nephrons; an autoimmune disease.

Answer 29

Glomerulonephritis

Question 30

The presence of ketones, a metabolism that can create a life-threatening condition. In a diabetic subject it indicates an absence of insulin.

Answer 30

Ketosis

Question 31

A nonsurgical blasting of kidney stones with sound waves to break them up

Answer 31

Lithotripsy

Question 32

An inflammation of the nephrons of the kidney

Answer 32

Nephritis

Question 33

An inflammation caused by an excess amount of proteins in the urine, resulting in edema

Answer 33

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 34

Frequent night-time urination

Answer 34

Nocturia

Question 35

A rare genetic condition in which the kidneys contain many cysts, resulting in chronic kidney failure usually in late middle age

Answer 35

Polycystic kidney disease

Question 36

An inflammation of the kidney caused by a bacterial infection

Answer 36

Pyelonephritis

Question 37

A kidney stone

Answer 37

Renal calculus

Question 38

A narrowing of any of the renal tubes

Answer 38

Renal stricture

Question 39

An inflammation of the urethra

Answer 39

Urethritis

Question 40

An inability to urinate or failure to empty the bladder totally; bladder pressure being unable to overcome urethral resistance. It can caused by a weak bladder wall or urethral obstruction.

Answer 40

Urinary retention

Question 41

An inflammation of any of the structures of the urinary system

Answer 41

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Question 42

Another name for kidney stones

Answer 42

Urolithiasis