16 - The Respiratory System

Question 0

The larger air passages in the lungs.

Answer 0

Bronchi

Question 1

Small sacs in the lungs that fill with air from the alveolar ducts (singular alveolus).

Answer 1

Alveoli

Question 2

A tiny branch of the bronchi that connects to the alveoli.

Answer 2

Bronchiole

Question 3

The outer curved part of the nasal cavities that acts as a filter for dust, and to warm and moisten the incoming air.

Answer 3

Choana

Question 4

A dome-shaped muscle between the thoracic and abdominal cavities; controls regular, relaxed breathing by contracting and relaxing.

Answer 4

Diaphragm

Question 5

A cartilaginous flap above the glottis that closes while food or liquid is passing through the pharynx.

Answer 5

Epiglottis

Question 6

Breathing out

Answer 6

Exhalation

Question 7

Another term for exhalation (breathing out).

Answer 7

Expiration

Question 8

The vocal cords and the opening between them.

Answer 8

Glottis

Question 9

Breathing in

Answer 9

Inhalation

Question 10

Another term for inhalation (breathing in).

Answer 10

Inspiration

Question 11

The bottom part of the pharynx.

Answer 11

Laryngopharynx

Question 12

The voice box

Answer 12

Larynx

Question 13

The main breathing organs in the chest that bring oxygen into the body and expel carbon dioxide.

Answer 13

Lungs

Question 14

Any of the passages in the nasal passages.

Answer 14

Nasal cavity

Question 15

The part of the pharynx behind the nasal cavity and above the soft palate.

Answer 15

Nasopharynx

Question 16

External openings of the nose that provide air passage and secretions from the nose and eyes.

Answer 16

Nostrils

Question 17

The part of the throat located at the back of the mouth.

Answer 17

Oropharynx

Question 18

The outer layer of the pleural membrane.

Answer 18

Parietal pleura

Question 19

The cavity at the back of the mouth that opens to the esophagus and larynx.

Answer 19

Pharynx

Question 20

The volume of air left in the lungs after a maximum exhalation.

Answer 20

Residual volume

Question 21

An air-filled cavity

Answer 21

Sinus

Question 22

The volume of air that is inhaled or exhaled during a normal, resting breathing cycle.

Answer 22

Tidal volume

Question 23

The volume of air in the lungs after a maximum inhalation.

Answer 23

Total lung capacity

Question 24

The inner layer of the pleural membrane

Answer 24

Visceral pleura

Question 25

The volume of gas that can be exhaled from the lungs at maximum inhalation.

Answer 25

Vital capacity

Question 26

A number of conditions in which the lungs receive inadequate oxygen; may be caused by a pathological condition or by exposure to smoke, pollution, or toxic chemicals, resulting in shortness of breath.

Answer 26

Acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS)

Question 27

The temporary cessation of breathing (usually occurs during sleep)

Answer 27

Apnea

Question 28

A condition caused by an inadequate intake of oxygen.

Answer 28

Asphyxia

Question 29

The accidental inhalation of foreign matter into the bronchial system.

Answer 29

Aspiration

Question 30

A disease characterized by narrowing of the bronchial tubes, making breathing difficult.

Answer 30

Asthma

Question 31

Abnormally slow breathing

Answer 31

Bradypnea

Question 32

Inflammation of the bronchi

Answer 32

Bronchitis

Question 33

An irregular breathing pattern consisting of periods of maximum respiration followed by a progressive decrease until apnea results; often seen in comatose or brain-injured patients.

Answer 33

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Question 34

A progressive disease characterized by shortness of breath, wheezing, and chronic coughing, usually caused by smoking; usually a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Answer 34

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Question 35

Profuse discharge from the mucous membrane of the nose.

Answer 35

Coryza

Question 36

A common genetic disorder of infants and children in which thick, viscous mucus is produced in the respiratory tract; the exocrine glands do not secrete properly, and a predisposition to bacterial infections exists in the lungs.

Answer 36

Cystic fibrosis

Question 37

Shortness of breath

Answer 37

Dyspnea

Question 38

A lung disease in which tissue deterioration results in increased air retention and reduced exchange of gases. The result is difficulty breathing and shortness of breath; usually caused by smoking.

Answer 38

Emphysema

Question 39

A common nosebleed

Answer 39

Epistaxis

Question 40

A seasonal rhinitis resulting from an allergic reaction to pollen.

Answer 40

Hay fever

Question 41

Coughing up blood from lungs or airways

Answer 41

Hemoptysis

Question 42

An involuntary spastic contraction of the diaphragm.

Answer 42

Hiccup

Question 43

Abnormally deep or fast respiration, in which excessive quantities of air are taken in, causing buzzing in the ears, tingling in the extremities, and sometimes fainting.

Answer 43

Hyperventilation

Question 44

An acute viral infection involving the respiration tract and other body systems.

Answer 44

Influenza

Question 45

A cancerous growth in the lung tissue.

Answer 45

Lung cancer

Question 46

An inflammation of the covering around the lungs.

Answer 46

Pleurisy

Question 47

An inflammation of the lungs caused by a bacterial or viral infection, which causes fever, shortness of breath, and the coughing up of phlegm (mucus and other material produced by the lining of the respiratory tract; also called sputum).

Answer 47

Pneumonia

Question 48

A collapsed lung caused by accumulation of air or gas in the space between the lung and chest wall.

Answer 48

Pneumothorax

Question 49

The abnormal collection of fluid in the lungs.

Answer 49

Pulmonary edema

Question 50

An inability of the lungs to conduct gas exchange.

Answer 50

Respiratory failure

Question 51

Asthma, hay fever, and other conditions caused by oversensitivity of any part of the respiratory system.

Answer 51

Respiratory hypersensitivity

Question 52

A failure to provide adequate oxygen to the cells of the body and remove carbon dioxide.

Answer 52

Respiratory insufficiency

Question 53

An inflammation of mucous membranes in the nose; the common cold.

Answer 53

Rhinitis

Question 54

Pain or discomfort from inflammation of any combination of the tonsils, larynx, or pharynx; also called pharyngitis.

Answer 54

Sore throat

Question 55

Exaggeratedly rapid breathing

Answer 55

Tachypnea

Question 56

A contagious, life-threatening disease caused by a bacterial infection and spread through person-to-person contact.

Answer 56

Tuberculosis