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Neuroscience > Visual Field Defects > Flashcards

Visual Field Defects Flashcards

1
Q
A

Left Optic Nerve

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2
Q
A

chiasm

(lose temporal field)

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3
Q
A

right optic tract (3)

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4
Q

____ is used to assess, diagnose, and monitor
progression of ophthalmologic and neurological conditions

A

Perimetry

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5
Q

What does the visual sensitivty/threshold depend on? (3)

A
  1. age, attention level, refractive statu
  2. pupil size, media opacity,
  3. stimulus :size/intensity/color/duration/movement
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6
Q

Kinetic perimetry is ___

A

seeing motion

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7
Q

when will you see a small dull stimuli?

A

not until it gets to a fixation point

(as opposed to an elephant you would see immeidately)

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8
Q

static permistery involves

A

object not moving but going dimmer to birghter

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9
Q

What does confrontation examination involve?

A

just theexaminer,no standardized method.

Possible strategies:
• use examiner’s face
• finger counting
• finger or hand moving
• palms side by side close to midline 1
(for relative hemianopias) • red object

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10
Q

Pros of confornation visual field exam are:

A

its inexpensive, fast, practical

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11
Q

Cons of confornation visual field exam are:

A

its examiner and examinee dependent

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12
Q

General and practical rules of confrontation visual field exam are

A

examiner is one arm length away, showing the object half that distance

examiner closes contralateral eye

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13
Q

What does an Amsler grid test?

A

teststhe central 10’ of the VF

• Ptreportsanyarea missing, blurred or distorted

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14
Q

What does tangent screen test?

A

the central 20 ’of the VF

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15
Q

___ may be used as pseudo static stimuli

A

tangent screen

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16
Q

What does goldman test

A

almost the entire visual field

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17
Q

What is the test where the pt faces the bowl and fixates on a peep hole?

What does it measure?

A

1. Goldman

manualkineticbutcan also do static stimuli; tests almost entire VF. Vary stimulus sizes and intensities.

2. Humphrey Perimeter

automatedstatic, standardized by computer.

Plots blind spot, checks for false positives (sound only) and false negatives (stimulate known seeing area)

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18
Q

Differences between goldman perimeter and humphery perimeter?

A

Humphery is autonmatic static and standardized by a computer

Goldman is manual kinetic but can do static

depends on examiner

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19
Q

Which test tests for false positives and negatives? How does it do this?

A

Humphrey

Checksforfalsepositives (sound only) and false negatives (stimulates known seeing area)

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20
Q

Define scotoma

A

poriton of visual field missing

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21
Q

What is arcuate? What causes it?

A

arc-shaped scotoma

caused from retinal nerve fiber bundle damage

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22
Q

What is an altiudinal defect?

A

(superior or inferior defect that respects horizontal meridian) –splits horizontally-

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23
Q

What is a hemianopia?

A

splits vertically (nasal or temporal defect)

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24
Q

What is a quadranopia?

A

can’t see a quadrant

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25
Q

Homonymous means the defect is on the ___

A

same side (“both right visual videals are missing)

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26
Q

Congrous means the defect is

A

similar in both eyes (not necessary similar side?)

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27
Q

What does heternoymous mean?

A

defect in different sides eg bitemporal

28
Q

What is this?

A

Incomplete right eye temporal hemianopia

29
Q

What is this?

A

Relative right eye temporal hemianopia

(relative/absolute is in terms of stimulus)

30
Q

What is this?

A

Absolute right eye temporal hemianopia

31
Q

What devides retina into superior and inferior?

A

horizontal raphe

32
Q

What constitutes the nasal-temporal demarcation of the retina?

A

a vertical line that crosses the fovea

33
Q

In gluacoma you usually see what focal defect of the retina?

A

arcuate (flowls the fibers)

34
Q

Lesion of the optic nerve can cause loss of

A

visual acuity and color vision

35
Q

these can be characteristic of a __ lesion

A

optic nerve

36
Q

____ retina fibers cross at bottom of chiasm, loop into Wilbrand’s knee

A

inferior nasal

37
Q

Sup. Nasal fibers cross at___

A

the top of the chiasm

38
Q

Why is the maculo protected from minor lesions of the optic chiasm?

A

the papillomacular bundle crosses AT THE CENTER OF THE CHIASM

39
Q

esion at Wilbrand’s Knee looks like

A

Junctional Syndrome or Ant.

Chiasmal Syndrome = complete loss of one eye

+ sup. field defect in other eye, “pie in the sky”

40
Q

Lesions beyond the optic chiasm all cause ____ field defects

A

homonymous (same side, e.g. both right field missing

41
Q

with retina damage, there might be a decrease in

A

visual acuity

42
Q

retina X can have __ or ___ deficits

A

general or focal

focal correspond to visible lesions

  1. fovea – central scotoma
  2. glaucoma – arcuate defect
43
Q

macular fibers that cross at the optic chiasm do so in the __ and ___ portion

A

central and posterior

44
Q

Anterior Chiasmal Syndrome

you get ___ neuropathy

A

Ipsilateral optic neuropathy: Decrease VA, color vision, RAPD

45
Q

Anterior Chiasmal Syndrome

you get ___ jundctional scotoma with what sx

A

Contralateral junctional scotoma with normal VA and color vision

46
Q

the more posterior in the retrochiasmal visual pathway a lesion is the more ___ it is

A

congruous

47
Q

optic tract leads to ___ field deficit

A
48
Q

with otpic tract X, ___ is spared

A

visual acuity

49
Q

with optic tract X

contralateral ___ and ___ reuslts

A

contralateral relative afferent pupil defect and hemiparesis (posterior internal capsule)

50
Q

with lgn damage

VF tend to be ___ and may be incongruous

A

homonymous

51
Q

vascular lesions of the ___ may cause a sector defect (SECTORANOPIA)

A

lgn

52
Q

damage to?

A

lgn

53
Q

typical defect of optic radiations is

A

homonymous quadrantanopia

54
Q

anterior lesion of optic raditions affects

A

meyers loop

55
Q

anterior lesion of optic radiations at meyers loop

A

right homonymous incomplete supererior quadrantanopia

56
Q

different between anterior (meyers loop) and posterior lesion of optic radiation

A

posteiror lesion does not respect the horizontal meridian

57
Q

parietal optic radiation field loss is

A

homonymous inferior visual field deficits

58
Q

Posterior lobe lesion (central field)___% of the cortex devoted to central 10’ of field !

A

50

59
Q

lesions of occitial lobe and visual cortex causes in general

A

Homonymous Congruous
defects

60
Q

Anterior lobe lesion: ____ field loss

A

Monocular

61
Q

Macular Sparring is common but not exclusive of ____ lobe lesions

A

occipital

62
Q
A

calcarine sulcus field loss

63
Q

Bilateral homonymous hemianopic central scotomas with macular sparring

A

caclcaruine sulcus lesion

64
Q
A

left occipital lobe (lower)

65
Q
A

left parietal

66
Q
A

right temporal

Neuroscience (35 decks)

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