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Cerebellum Lec22 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the deep nuclei in the vermis?

A

fastigial n.

vestibular n.

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2
Q

motor function of the vermis and fastigial?

A

balance, eye movement, reflexes

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3
Q

cogntiive function of the fastigial and vestibular n. ?

A

autonomic arousal, limbic regulation

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4
Q

Nulcei in the paravermal hemisphere?

A

globose and emboliform

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5
Q

moor function of the globose and emboliform (intemediate paravermal hemisphere)?

A

sensorimotor integration, movement execution

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6
Q

sensory function of the ** globose and emboliform ** hemisphere (intemediate paravermal hemisphere)?

A

simple verbal

responses to commands

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7
Q

nuclei in the lateral hemisphere?

A

dentate

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8
Q

motot function of the dentate gyrus?

A

prepration and planning of movement

fine motor dexterity

eye movements

imagined movements

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9
Q

cognitive function of thedentate gyrus

A

verbal associaiton

rule based learning

working memory

problem solving

monitoring performance

temporal perception

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10
Q

main inputs into the cerebellum? (3)

A
  1. cerebrocerebellum: frontal and parietal
  2. vestibular nuclei
  3. spinocerebellar
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11
Q

where does the frontal/parietal lobes contribute to?

A

mostly the lateral hemispheres (think planning movements)

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12
Q

where does the spinal cord input to in the cerebellum?

A

vermis/some hemisphere

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13
Q

where do the vestibular nuclei input to in the cerebellum?

A

into the nodulus/flocculus

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14
Q

What is the cerebellum (in terms of cellular components)

A

The cerebellum = cerebellar cortex + deep nuclei + white matter tracts

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15
Q

How many layers does the cerebellar cortex have? what are they?

A

3 layers: Molecular, Purkinje cell, and Granule cell

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16
Q

The cell bodies of most mossy fibers entering the cerebellum are located in the ____

A

pons

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17
Q

The expansion of the lateral cerebellar hemisphere in humans indicates that the cerebellum is capable of ___

A

contributing to more than just motor function

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18
Q

___ shows prominent activation during
extremely difficult problem solving tasks in humans?

A

Dentate nucleus

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19
Q

The appearance of oscillating movements of the hand while reaching toward a target is
referred to as ___

A

intention tremor

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20
Q

The use of ethanol to control symptoms of essential tremor is effective because ethanol (2)

A
  1. inhibits normal excitation
  2. facilitates GABAergic function
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21
Q

which cerebellar n. is involved in

autonomic arousal, limbic regulation

A

fastigal and vestibular

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22
Q

which cerebellar n. is involved in

simple verbal respponses to commands

A

globose and emboliform

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23
Q

which cerebellar n. is involved in

rule based learning, problem solving, temporal perception etc

A

dentate

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24
Q

which cerebellar n. is involved in

preparation and planning of movements

A

dentate

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25
which cerebellar n. is involved in sensoriomotr integration, movement ececution
globlose and emboliform
26
where are radial (bergmann) glial cells found
in the **purkinje and moelcular** layers of the cerebellar cortex
27
where are bushy astroglia found
in the granule layer
28
where are olgiodendrocytes found
in the white matter
29
where do purkinje cells project to
the deep cerebellar nuclei
30
\_\_\_\_ - wrap around one Purkinje cell
Climbing fibers
31
Mossy fibers - synapse with one ___ cell
granule
32
inputs to mossy fibers
**pontine nuclei** reticular formation spinal cord vestibular nuclei
33
purkinje cell has ___ input on the deep cerebellar nuclei
gaba
34
climbing fibers gets input from the
inferior olive
35
input to purkinje
inferior olive (via climbing fibers) granule cells (via parallel) cortical neurons (basket, stellate)
36
what cells are located in the purkinje layer
purkinje basket stellate
37
what cells are located in the granular layer
golgi granule
38
what do granule cells project to
(other cerebellar cortical cells) purkinje basket stellate golgi
39
input to granule layer
pontine and brainstem nuclei via mossy fibers
40
granule cells are excitatory or inhibitory
excitatory
41
purkinje are inhbhitory or excitateory
inhibitory
42
parvocellular Red Nucleus inputs into the
inferior olive
43
magnocellular Red Nucleus gets input from the
deep nuclei
44
deep nuclei project to
red nucleus thalamus cortex (eventually) interneurons
45
deep nuclei ___ the thalamus and motor cortex
stimulate
46
the purkinje layer is ___ on the dentate nucleus
inhibiotry
47
2 types of APs in the cerebellum
simple and complex spikes
48
Simple spikes - normal action potentials with ___ depolarization and repolarization
rapid
49
\_\_\_ spikes are elated to moment-to-moment changes in behavior, including “efference copy”
simple
50
simple spikes are produced by ___ fiber activation
mossy fiber mossy fibers --\> Granule cells --\> parallel fibers --\> Purkinje cells
51
\_\_\_ is expected information coming back from the same body part used
reafference
52
Complex spikes - ____ depolarizations of 20+ milliseconds
extended
53
Complex spikes - extended depolarizations of 20+ milliseconds, during which time about\_\_\_ action potentials are fired,
5
54
triggered by ____ fibers from the inferior olive
climbing
55
complex spikes are related to
unexpected stimuli / error signals
56
what is the cellular basis for cerebellar learnign
long term depresion
57
after and during a __ spike, the purkinje cell is refractory to parallel fiber activation
complex
58
after and during a complex spike, the ___ cell is refractory to parallel fiber activation
purkinje
59
after and during a complex spike, the purkinje cell is refractory to parallel fiber activation which is \_\_\_\_
long term depression
60
rapid learning.. e.g. error signal alerts you to destabilization, then reflex could shut of.. this rapid learning needs the \_\_\_ ## Footnote
cerebellum
61
cerebellar lesions leads to what triad?
Asthenia (loss of muscle strength) Atonia (loss of muscle tone) and Ataxia (problem with executing voluntary movements)
62
Asynergia: difficulty ___ muscular actions
coordinating
63
Decomposition of movement: complex actions broken down into
single joint actions
64
\_\_\_: poorly directed movements that often miss their targets
Dsymetria
65
\_\_\_ speech: staccato and problematic articulation
Scanning
66
Cerebellum has both motor and non-motor outputs! lesion of PICA --\> no motor symptoms, but failures in \_\_\_
rule-based language tasks seen.
67
nonmotor functions of the cerebellum
language, verbal working memory, sequence learning, error detection, explicit memory retrieval, planning, classical conditioning
68
Mild to moderate damage, the cerebellum
resets and compensates on its own
69
Severe damage, can only give
palliative/supportive care
70
Essential Tremors (ET) can be treated by ___ or \_\_\_
alcohol/barbituates or deep brain stimulation
71
for tx of essential tremor, alcohol acts as a ___ and a \_\_\_
glutamate anatagonist and a gaba agonist
72
Cerebellar insults include (4) disorders
chronic dilantin medication, autism, schizophrenia, chronic alcohol abuse / thiamine deficiency
73
what excitatory inputs/output on to the depe nuclei does alcohol effect
inferior olive imnput and output to the thalamus
74
what inhibitory inputs/output on to the depe nuclei does alcohol effect
gaba to deep nuclei
75
atxia is a generalized disorder of
coordianting and excuting voltunary movements
76
Deviation from the line of movement: movement doesn’t
follow the shortest line between 2 points
77
there are multiple representations of different body parts across the cerebellum showing that the cerebellum has
somatopy
78
the cerebellum uses error signals to ____ commands for mvoement to optimize outcomes
adaptively modify
79
Lesion lateral rectus of one eye, then patch good eye --\> Error signal generated
Cerebellum turns up gain from bad eye --\> Increased signal / eye gets stronger
80
Lesions of cerebellum produce IMPAIRMENTS IN ___ of movements and other functions,
QUALITY
81
Lesions of cerebellum produce IMPAIRMENTS IN QUALITY of movements and other functions, but not a
loss of function.

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