1.3.1 Linnaeus, Buffon, and Lamarck

Question 1

Carolus Linnaeus

Answer 1

• set up the binomial system of nomenclature. According to the system:
  1. Each biological species is assigned a two-part Latin name of genus and species.
  2. All species are filed into a hierarchy of increasingly broad categories.
• (1707–1778) developed a taxonomic system for the identification and classification of species. His system has two main features

Question 2

George de Buffon

Answer 2

• suggested the possibility of evolution after observing homologous and vestigial structures in different species
• (1707–1788) wrote a book entitled
  The Natural History of Animals, in which he proposes that organisms evolve (change over time). Buffon believed that the presence of homologous and/or vestigial structures among species is evidence that species give rise to new species.

Question 3

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

Answer 3

• was the first to propose a functional mechanism for evolution. His theory incorporated the ideas of use and disuse and the inheritance of acquired characteristics
• (1744–1829) was the first person to present a functional mechanism describing evolution. The model incorporated two premises:

Question 4

binomial system of nomenclature

Answer 4

1. All species are given a two-part Latin name, called a
   binomial. The use of a universal binomial name increases scientific accuracy in references to a specific organism.
2. All species are filed into a hierarchy of increasingly broad categories.

Question 5

homologous structure

Answer 5

• equivalent structures that are found in related species.

Question 6

vestigial structure

Answer 6

• present and have no apparent use. The structures are derived from useful structures that were present in the ancestral species.

Question 7

use and disuse theory

Answer 7

• the organs that an organism uses will become stronger and more functional, and those that are not used will deteriorate.

Question 8

inheritance of acquired characteristics

Answer 8

• states that traits that are obtained during an organism’s lifetime can be passed on to that organism’s
  offspring.

Question 9

Which statement regarding the works of Jean Baptiste Lamarck is incorrect?

Answer 9

• He was a contemporary of Charles Darwin.

Question 10

Carolus Linnaeus

Answer 10

• developed a taxonomic system for the identification and classification of species

Question 11

The binomial system of nomenclature includes the name of the ____________ then the ____________.

Answer 11

• genus, species

Question 12

The taxonomic system developed by Linnaeus

Answer 12

• is a binomial system of nomenclature.

- classifies species into increasingly broad categories.

Question 13

The ideas of George de Buffon regarding evolution

Answer 13

• were published in the book The Natural History of Animals.
• were influenced by observations of homologous and vestigial structures.
• predated the work of Charles Darwin by a century.