12.1.6 Animal Tissue: Muscle and Nerve Tissue Flashcards
1
Q
Animal Tissue: Muscle and Nerve Tissue
A
- Muscles have five functions: movement, posture control, support for soft tissue, guarding body openings, and maintaining body temperature.
- Muscles are described in three ways: location, control, and microstructure. There are three types of microstructure: striated, cardiac, and smooth.
- Most nervous tissue is composed of neurons; the remainder is composed of neuroglia, cells that support neurons.
2
Q
muscles
A
- have many different functions. They control the
movement of the body. They help control posture and provide
steady support for the positioning of the body. - Muscles support soft tissues by holding them in place within the body. Body openings such as the cardiac and
anal sphincter (shown to the left) are guarded and controlled by muscles. - Muscles also function in the regulation of body temperature. Heat is generated by the contraction of muscles.
3
Q
skeletal muscles
A
- Muscles can be described in terms of where they are located. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones. Skeletal muscles move bones in space by contracting and relaxing.
4
Q
visceral muscles
A
- Visceral muscles (digestive muscles) surround digestive muscles and mediate peristalsis, the wave-like movement of the digestive tract.
5
Q
cardiac muscle
A
- muscle of the heart
6
Q
striated muscle
A
- Microstructure of the muscle itself is yet another way to classify muscle. Striated muscle is composed of very long, multinucleated cells called muscle fibers. Fibers cannot reproduce, but satellite cells aid in their repair. Voluntary muscles such as skeletal muscles are examples of striated muscles.
7
Q
intercalated disks
A
- Cardiac muscle has striations, but it is not as multinucleated as striated skeletal muscle. Cardiac muscle has branched fibers and intercalated disks that aid in communication between cells. It cannot be repaired and is involuntary muscle.
8
Q
smooth muscle
A
- Smooth muscle has no striations and is composed of smaller cells that are tapered at the ends. They are found in round hollow organs such as the stomach and are responsible for peristalsis. They are involuntary and visceral.
9
Q
Which of the following types of muscle tissue cannot be repaired if damaged?
A
- cardiac muscle
10
Q
Which statement regarding cardiac muscle is true?
A
- It is striated like skeletal muscle.
11
Q
The three major types of muscle tissue include:
A
- smooth, cardiac, skeletal
12
Q
Visceral muscles are found
A
- surrounding the stomach.
13
Q
The brain and spinal cord make up about _________ of the neural tissue in the body.
A
- 98%
14
Q
Where would you most likely find striated muscle tissue?
A
- attached to bone
