3.2.5 Mitochondria: Welcome Guests

Question 1

review

Answer 1

• The organelles of the endomembrane system are the nuclear envelope, rough ER, smooth ER, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles. The endomembrane system synthesizes, packages, and ships important cell molecules, like protein, that have varied uses in the cell.

Question 2

chloroplasts and the mitochondria

Answer 2

• two membranous organelles that are not part of the endomembrane system. A large body of structural and genetic evidence suggests that both organelles originated as independent prokaryotes and were taken up by eukaryotic organisms as endosymbionts.

Question 3

Lynn Margulis

Answer 3

• proposed the theory of endosymbiosis to explain the process by which one organism comes to live inside another. Some examples of endosymbiosis include:
  • The process by which small prokaryotes, like the ancestral chloroplast and mitochondria, came to live inside eukaryotes
  • Termites that have endosymbiotic protozoans that house bacterial symbionts. The bacteria can digest cellulose, a staple of the termite diet.

Question 4

cristae

Answer 4

• folds that increase the surface area for important
  reactions to take place, earning the mitochondrion’s
  nickname as “the powerhouse of the cell”.

Question 5

The function of the mitochondria is

Answer 5

• to convert energy into forms that are usable by the cell

Question 6

According to the __________ theory, mitochondria and chloroplasts are thought to have evolved from prokaryotic cells entering eukaryotic cells.

Answer 6

• endosymbiotic

Question 7

Which of the following statements about mitochondrial structure is incorrect?

Answer 7

• The outer membrane is arranged into many folds in order to increase its surface area.

Question 8

One of the key evidences in favor of the theory of the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria is:

Answer 8

• the double membrane

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding mitochondria is true?

Answer 9

• Mitochondria are found only in eukaryotic cells

Question 10

The inner membrane of the mitochondria are arranged into folds called

Answer 10

• cristae

Question 11

The endosymbiont theory suggests that mitochondria and __________ arose from an ancestral prokaryote.

Answer 11

• chloroplasts