11.8.1 Introduction to the Fungi Flashcards
1
Q
Introduction to the Fungi
A
- Most fungal species are multicellular heterotrophs that absorb nutrients using extracellular digestion.
- Fungi extend mycelia (masses of hyphae) into the ground.
- Most fungi have a life cycle that includes both sexual and asexual reproduction. This process is known as alternation of generations.
2
Q
note
A
- Members of the kingdom Fungi are most often multicellular heterotrophs. They digest their food extracellularly and then take in nutrients from the food by absorption. Examples of fungi are athlete’s foot and mushrooms.
- Most fungi consist of a fruiting body, which is the part of a mushroom you buy in a store, and mycelia, which grow in the soil. Mycelia are made up of masses of hyphae. A given species of fungus will have one of two different types of hyphae. The septate hyphae are divided by septae. Coenocytic hyphae do not have septae and are multinucleated.
- Most fungi have a life cycle that includes both sexual and asexual reproduction. This is known as alternation of generations. In plasmogamy, the cytoplasms
of two mating mycelia fuse. This produces a dikaryotic cell, or a cell that has two sets of genetic material. During karyogamy, the nuclei fuse and a 2n cell is produced. This 2n cell undergoes meiosis and produces spores. The spores can undergo mitosis and produce haploid mycelia, which may fuse during sexual reproduction, or the spores can germinate as a form of asexual reproduction.
3
Q
Masses of ___________________ are called ____________________.
A
- hyphae / mycelia
4
Q
True or false?
Most fungi employ only sexual reproduction.
A
- false
5
Q
Coenocytic hyphae
A
- lack septae
- are multinucleated
- result from repeated division of nuclei without cytoplasmic division
- all of the above
6
Q
All fungi share which of the following characteristic?
A
- heterotrophy
7
Q
The part of a fungus that tops a pizza is actually
A
- fruiting body
8
Q
In ____________________, the cytoplasms of two mating mycelia fuse.
A
- plasmogamy
