2.2.2 Ionic and Covalent Bonds

Question 1

electrostatics

Answer 1

• describes the tendency for positive and negative charges to attract.

Question 2

ionic and covalent bonds

Answer 2

• two common types of bonds that form between atoms

Question 3

note

Answer 3

• An ionic bond forms from the attraction of oppositely charged atoms called ions.
• A covalent bond forms when atoms share electrons.
• Atoms want to have their outermost shells filled.
• An atom’s ability to fill its outer shell is related
  to its electronegativity.
• A chlorine atom (Cl) needs one electron to fill its shell, and it has a high electronegativity.
• A sodium atom (Na) has only one electron in its outer shell, and its electronegativity is relatively low.
• As a result, Cl can take away Na’s electron, leading to the formation of the ions, Na+ and Cl-
• Because these ions have opposite charges, they are electrostatically attracted to one another. This attraction is called an ionic bond.

Question 4

electronegativity

Answer 4

• the ability of an atom to gain an electron. An atom that has a high electronegativity is better able to pull an
  electron towards itself than an atom with a low electronegativity.

Question 5

ionic bonds

Answer 5

• form from the attraction of the oppositely charged ions that result from a process called ionization.

Question 6

covalent bonds

Answer 6

• form when the differences between the electronegativities of atoms are equal or similar.
• Instead of an atom taking an electron from
  another atom, the two atoms share electrons.

Question 7

Ionic bonds are formed when

Answer 7

• two atoms of opposite charge come together to form an uncharged compound.

Question 8

When two oxygen atoms (atomic number 8) interact to form molecular oxygen

Answer 8

• they share electrons.

Question 9

True or false?

Any two ions of opposite charge can form an ionic bond.

Answer 9

• true