Chapter 44

Question 1

the ____________ eliminates _________________ from the body

Answer 1

excretory system

nitrogenous waste

Question 2

nitrogenous waste are produced during metabolic breakdown of _____________________

Answer 2

proteins and nucleic acids

Question 3

the excretory system is involved in regulating the body’s ________________________ balance

Answer 3

• water
• solute
• ph

Question 4

__________________ is regulating the water and solute balance in the body is

Answer 4

osmoregulation

Question 5

an animals nitrogenous wastes reflect its __________________________

Answer 5

habitat and evolutionary history

Question 6

3 types of nitrogenous wastes

Answer 6

• ammonia
• urea
• uric acid

Question 7

_________________ is the original nitrogenous waste produced by proteins and nucleic acids in all animals

Answer 7

ammonia

Question 8

ammonia is very _________________ so it must be eliminated with large quantities of water in order to dilute its concentration

Answer 8

toxic

Question 9

losing large amounts of water in the excretion of ammonia is only practical for __________________

Answer 9

aquatic animals

Question 10

which animals possess ammonia excretion

Answer 10

freshwater bony fishes and aquatic invertebrates

Question 11

__________________ cannot afford to lose large quanties of water required for ammonia excretion

Answer 11

marine and terrestrial animals

Question 12

within the _______________ of animals ammonia is converted to ______________ by combining ammonia with ______________

Answer 12

liver
urea
CO2

Question 13

which animals possess urea excretion

Answer 13

cartilaginous fishes, marine bony fishes, amphibians and mammals

Question 14

2 advantages of urea

Answer 14

• much less toxic than ammonia

- much less water is lost when nitrogen is excreted within a concentrated solution of urea

Question 15

disadvantage of urea

Answer 15

converting ammonia to urea is energetically costly

Question 16

who possess uric acid as a nitrogenous waste

Answer 16

insects, terrestrial snails and reptiles

Question 17

advantage of uric acid

Answer 17

• even less toxic

- excreted as a semisolid paste. least water is lost

Question 18

disadvantage of uric acid

Answer 18

-uric acid is the most complicated molecule so it requires even more energy expenditure

Question 19

there are many _____________________ in different animal groups

Answer 19

excretory systems

Question 20

all lexcretory systems are based on a network of tubules that provide a large ___________ for the excretion

Answer 20

surface area

Question 21

______________ a type of excretory system that is a branching of internal tubules

Answer 21

protonephridia

Question 22

protonephridia dead end at _____________ that filter nitrogenous wastes from animals interstitial fluid

Answer 22

flame bulb

Question 23

protonephridia connect to external openings in the animals body wall, nitrogenous wastes are excred by the ______________________

Answer 23

surround enviroment

Question 24

___________________________ possess a protonephridia excretion system

Answer 24

flatworms, rotifers, and lancets

Question 25

________________ posses a metanephridia excritory system

Answer 25

annelid

Question 26

in a metanephridia system each segment of an _____________________ contains a pair of _____________________

Answer 26

annelid's body | metanephridia

Question 27

3 steps of metanephridia

Answer 27

- internal opening contains cillia that draw in coetomic fluid - the collecting tubules is sorounding by a capillary network that reabsorb water and solutes - the batter excretes nitrogenous wastes to the surrounding enviroment through the external enviroment

Question 28

______________________ possess malphighaian tubules

Answer 28

insects and terrestrial arthropods

Question 29

malphighaian tubules are extensions of the digestive tract that filter ___________________

Answer 29

hemolymth

Question 30

in ________________: | water solutes are absorbed by intestine and feces and nitrogenous wastes are eliminated together as dry waste

Answer 30

malphighaian tubules

Question 31

mammalian excretory system is refferred to as _____________

Answer 31

urinary system

Question 32

the urinary system consists of 6 organs

Answer 32

-2 kidneys 2 ureters -1 bladder -1 urethra

Question 33

function of kidney is they filter

Answer 33

the bloods plasma

Question 34

in the kidney waster and necessary solutes will be reabsorbed and returned to the bloods ________________

Answer 34

plasma

Question 35

in mammals nitrogenous waste will be excreted as ___________________

Answer 35

urea within urine

Question 36

the external anatomy: | _______________ exit the kidney and ____________ enters kidney through renal hilium

Answer 36

uretor and renal vien | renal artery

Question 37

the external anatomy: | _______________ exit the kidney and ____________ enters kidney through renal hilium

Answer 37

ureter and renal vien | renal artery

Question 38

kidneys are surrounded by _______________________

Answer 38

adipose

Question 39

_____________: the outer region of kidney where _________________ are located and urine is produced

Answer 39

renal cortex | nephrons

Question 40

_____________ are areas of renal pelivis that collect urine from one renal pyramid

Answer 40

minor alyces

Question 41

in the renal medulla ____________________ are located within renal pyramids of the renal medulla

Answer 41

collecting ducts

Question 42

__________________ is the inner concave region of kidney that is continuos with the ureter leaving the kidneys renal hilum.

Answer 42

renal pelvis

Question 43

_____________ are areas of renal pelvis that collect urine from one renal pyramid

Answer 43

minor calyces

Question 44

_________________________ represents the convergence of several minor calyces in kidneys

Answer 44

major calyces

Question 45

major calyces send urine to the _______________

Answer 45

ureter

Question 46

________________ are the functional units of the kidney

Answer 46

nephrons

Question 47

there are _____________ nephrons per kidney

Answer 47

1.25 million

Question 48

nephrons are located in the renal ___________________

Answer 48

cortex

Question 49

nephrons forms ____________

Answer 49

urine

Question 50

______________ urea plus water and solutes

Answer 50

urine

Question 51

3 components of a nephron

Answer 51

- glomerulus - renal tubule - browman's capsule

Question 52

______________________; is the network of capillaries from which blood is filtered

Answer 52

glomerulus

Question 53

__________ is the tube that filters blood from the glomerulus forming urine

Answer 53

renal tubule

Question 54

________________ is the beginning of the renal tubule

Answer 54

browman's capsule

Question 55

the ___________ is the collective name for glomerulus plus browman's capsule

Answer 55

renal corpuscle

Question 56

blood is called ______________ in the glomeruls and browman's capsule stage

Answer 56

filtrate

Question 57

_______________ surounds remaining renal tubules, reabsorbing water and solutes from the filtrate

Answer 57

peritubular capillaries

Question 58

___________________ is the coiled extension of the renal tubule that is continuos with browman's capsule

Answer 58

proximal tubule

Question 59

the ______________ is the only part of the nephron that extends into the renal medulla

Answer 59

loop of henle

Question 60

______________ collect urine from several nephrons

Answer 60

collecting ducts

Question 61

collecting ducts send urine through the renal pyramids to the __________________

Answer 61

minor calyces

Question 62

ureters extend from the ___________ to _____________

Answer 62

renal hilium | urinary bladder

Question 63

ureters __________ urine away from the kidneys

Answer 63

transport

Question 64

the urinary bladder temporarily ______________ urine away until it can be released

Answer 64

stores

Question 65

__________ within the bladder wall allows for enormous distension when the bladderr is filled with urine

Answer 65

smooth muscle

Question 66

the urethra ___________ urine outside of the body

Answer 66

expels

Question 67

in females the urethra is a short tube located anterior to the ____________________

Answer 67

vagina

Question 68

in males the urethra is much longer tube that travels through the _______________________

Answer 68

prostate gland and penis