Chapter 42-respiration

Question 1

the respiratory system functions in ______________

Answer 1

gas exchange

Question 2

__________ is brough into the animals body and ____________ is removed

Answer 2

O2

CO2

Question 3

O2 is used by animals for _______________ while CO2 is the waste product of this process

Answer 3

cellular respiration

Question 4

O2 and CO2 are exchanged between the _______________

Answer 4

animal and enviroment in external respirarion

Question 5

_______________ is the exchange that takes place between the animals respiration surface and capillaries

Answer 5

external respiration

Question 6

02 and CO2 transports throughout the __________________

Answer 6

animals body within its blood.

Question 7

in _____________________ 02 and CO2 are transported thoughout the animals body and exchanged between the capillaries and the bodys cells termed internal capillaries

Answer 7

internal respiration

Question 8

an animals respiratoy surface is its organ of ___________________ with enviroment

Answer 8

animals repiratiory surface

Question 9

respiratory surface are _____________________ providing a large surface area for gas exchange

Answer 9

extensively branched

Question 10

respiratory surface are ___________________ allowing efficient diffusion of gases

Answer 10

thin and moist

Question 11

an animals repiratiory medium is ___________

Answer 11

source of 02 (water or air)

Question 12

obtainign O2 from water or air poses _________________

Answer 12

different chalenges

Question 13

the atmosphere contains ______________

Answer 13

21% O2

Question 14

ocenas and lakes contains ______________

Answer 14

4% )2

Question 15

water keeps respiratory surfaces ________

Answer 15

moist

respiratory surfaces on land that are exposed to air are suseptible to desication

Question 16

the respiratoy surface of fish are _______________

Answer 16

gills

Question 17

gills are __________________________

Answer 17

outward extensions of the body surfac e

Question 18

fishes obtain O2 by

Answer 18

passing water over gills

Question 19

____________ in cartilagenous fish

______________________ accomplished in bony fish

Answer 19

swimming

bony operculum

Question 20

as water is pumped over the gills, exchange of O2 and CO2 occurs between the water and capillaries that lie just beneath _______________

Answer 20

gill surfaces

Question 21

fish push water past gill is ______________ and blood in the _____________ direction

Answer 21

one direction

the opposite

Question 22

_____________ is the push of water in one direction and blood in the opposite in fish respiration

Answer 22

countercurrent exchange

Question 23

____________ blood in the gills always encounter water with a high 02 concentration ensuring the diffussion of 02 into the blood .

Answer 23

countercurrent exchange

Question 24

_______________ is an extremely efficient mechanism for extracting 02 from water where it is in short supply

Answer 24

countercurrent exchange

Question 25

terrestrial tetrapods obtain o2 from ________

Answer 25

air | the respiratory surfaces are lungs

Question 26

lungs are _______________ to avoid desication

Answer 26

folded within the body

Question 27

lungs are connected to the outside of the body by the way of ______________

Answer 27

narrow tubes that act as air passageways

Question 28

this enables ait intake and gas exchange while keeping respiratory surface ____________

Answer 28

moist

Question 29

___________ is the process that ventilates the lungs

Answer 29

breathing

Question 30

amphibians exhibit ___________________ breathing

Answer 30

possitive pressure

Question 31

amphibians inflate lungs by squizzing its throat down ward from the oral and nasal cavities

Answer 31

this limits an amphibians breathing capacity to the volume of these two cavities

Question 32

reptiles exhibit _______________ breathing

Answer 32

negative pressure

Question 33

breath capacity increases as a result of ____________________

Answer 33

an increase to the size of the thoracic cavity

Question 34

prior to inhalation, __________________________

Answer 34

airpressure in lungs and in lungs are equal

Question 35

during inhalation the ribs muscles ______________ ___________ the thoracic cavity

Answer 35

contract | expanding

Question 36

_______________ are located in thoracic cavity | increase lung volume reduces air pressure, greater air pressure in atmosphere causes air to flow in lungs

Answer 36

lungs

Question 37

during exhalation the musles relax _________________

Answer 37

decreasing the volume of the thorax. pressure increase in lung forces air out

Question 38

structurally the respiratory system can be divided into an _______________

Answer 38

upper and lower respiratory tract

Question 39

functionaly the respiratory system can be divided into

Answer 39

conducting portion: transports air | respiratoy portion accomplished oxygen transport

Question 40

________________ provided inlet for air

Answer 40

nasal caity

Question 41

upper respiratory tract consists of the ________________ nd _________________

Answer 41

nasal cavity | pharynx

Question 42

these organs belong to the __________________ of the respiratory system

Answer 42

conducting portion

Question 43

the ______________ provide an inlet for air

Answer 43

nasal cavity

Question 44

______________ within the skull bones secrete mucus that drains into the nasal cavity

Answer 44

sinuses

Question 45

the floor of the nasal cavity is formed by the _______________

Answer 45

palate

Question 46

The ____________ is a common passageway of food and air

Answer 46

pharynx

Question 47

the ___________ seals off the connection between the nasal and oral cavities when swallowing so food and liquid are not sent upward

Answer 47

uvula

Question 48

the conducting portion of the lower respiratory tract consist of the _______________________________

Answer 48

larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles

Question 49

the repiratory portion of the lower respiratory tract consist of _________________________

Answer 49

alveoli

Question 50

the _______________ connects the nasal cavity superiorly to the larynx inferiorly

Answer 50

pharynx

Question 51

pharyn connects the oral cavity superiorly to the_________________

Answer 51

esophagus

Question 52

pharynx- larynx- trachea

Answer 52

order of tubes

Question 53

the larynx provide a passagewat for air into the __________________

Answer 53

lower respiratory tract

Question 54

the _________________ seals off the larynx when swallowing

Answer 54

epiglottis

Question 55

the larynx functions in ____________________

Answer 55

sound production

Question 56

_________________ follows inferiorly from the larynx

Answer 56

the trachea

Question 57

the trachea runs anterior to the ______________

Answer 57

esophagus.

Question 58

the trachea is made of ____________

Answer 58

cartilage which permits flexibility of the trachea as food moves down to neighboring esophagus

Question 59

the inner tracheal wall is lined by ______________________ whch secrete mucus that traps debris particles within the tracheas lumen. cillia sweeps the debris upward away from the lungs

Answer 59

psedostratified collumnar epithelium

Question 60

the trachea branches inferiorly ________________________

Answer 60

into the right and left primary branchi

Question 61

____________________ is a highly branched system of air conducting tubes residing within the lungs

Answer 61

the bronchial tree

Question 62

the right and left primary bronchi extend from the thachea and enter into the lungs

Answer 62

by the time air reaches the lungs it is warmed moistened cleaned

Question 63

_______________ branch into smaller diameter secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, and so on.

Answer 63

primary bronchi

Question 64

the smallest branches pf the bronchial tree are called

Answer 64

bronchioles

Question 65

______________ constitutes the end of the conducting portion of the respiratory system

Answer 65

bronchioles

Question 66

bronchioles lead to ______________ which make of the _____________________

Answer 66

alveoli | repiratory portion

Question 67

alveoli are _____________________

Answer 67

tiny round organs of gass exchange

Question 68

the walls of the alveoli consist of _______________________ epithelium

Answer 68

simple squamos

Question 69

the lungs contain _____________________ providing a huge surface area for gas exchange for gass exchange

Answer 69

350 million

Question 70

alveoli are surrounded by a ______________________

Answer 70

network of capillaries

Question 71

birds fly for long period of time in_________________ enviroments

Answer 71

high altitude, low O2

Question 72

aquatic invertebrates posees _____________

Answer 72

gills

Question 73

birds possess a circulator respiratory system involving _____________________________ surrounding the lungs and a one way flow of O2

Answer 73

anterior and posterior sacs

Question 74

while other terrestrial vertebrates get no new air during exhalation, birds receive 02 during _______________

Answer 74

both inhalation and exhalation

Question 75

earthworms exhibit ________________ respiration

Answer 75

cutaneus

Question 76

in _________________: gas exchange occurs between the atmosphere and capillaries located beneath the skin

Answer 76

cutaneus respiration

Question 77

insect respiratoy and circulatory system are _____________________

Answer 77

seperate

Question 78

in insects the trahcea open to the outside body by way of the ______________________

Answer 78

spiracles