Chapter 36

Question 1

water and minerals in ______ are ________ by roots

Answer 1

soil, absorbed

Question 2

water and minerals are transported upward from roots to shoots as ________________

Answer 2

xylem sap

Question 3

__________________ the evaporative loss of water from leaves through stomata creates a force that pulles xylem sap upward

Answer 3

transpiration

Question 4

_________________ are produced by photosynthesis in the leaves. They are transported by __________________

Answer 4

sugars 
phloem sap (from source to sink)

Question 5

a sugar source ___________

Answer 5

produces sugar, leaves

Question 6

a sugar sink is an organ that ____________ (3)

Answer 6

consumes sugar

shoot tip, roots, flowers/leaves

Question 7

______________ occurs in the leaves and in the roots

Answer 7

gas exchange

Question 8

leaves take in _________ and release _________ through the _________________

Answer 8

CO2, 02, stomata

Question 9

roots exchange gass with air spaces in soil

Answer 9

taking in 02 and releasing C02

Question 10

soil particles are classified by _________

Answer 10

size

Question 11

3 sizes of soil

Answer 11

• sand
• silt
• clay

Question 12

soil contains __________: dead organic matter

Answer 12

humus

Question 13

sand has _______________ between particles. Water and minerals are leached through sand. These enable efficient diffusion of oxygen of plant roots

Answer 13

large pools

Question 14

silt and clay have very _____________ between particles. and minerals are not leached through silt and clay. Water and minerals are not leached through silt and clay. Water drains so slowly through silt and clay that saturated the soil

Answer 14

small pores

Question 15

the most productive soil contains

Answer 15

and equal mixture of sand silt and clay

Question 16

and equal mixture of sand silt and clay

Answer 16

loam

Question 17

_________________ consists of organic matter decomposing in soil

Answer 17

humus

high content is optimal for plant nutrition

Question 18

humus is main source of mineral nutrients in the soil

Answer 18

humus provided increased surface area for adhesion of water and minerals

Question 19

live organic are necessary for decomposition and soil mixing

Answer 19

bacteria fungi anthropoid worms and plant roots live within and shape the soil

Question 20

although excessive amounts of water can have negative consequences,

Answer 20

a water deficiency is of course harmful as well

Question 21

minerals are dissolved in a solution

Answer 21

a very dry soil therefore leads to a lack of both water and nutrients

Question 22

soil particles tend to be ________________

Answer 22

negatively charged ions

Question 23

a majority of a plants essential inorganic nutrients ref ___________________________________________

Answer 23

positively charged cations and adhere to the negative anions of the soil

Question 24

________________ has a high hydrogen ion (H+) concentration

Answer 24

acidic

Question 25

H+ ions (hydrogen ions) adhere to soil particles displacing essential cations

Answer 25

cations are leached through soil and are no longer available to plant roots

Question 26

__________________ soil is optimal PH for plant nutrient

Answer 26

neutral or slightly basic

Question 27

a __________________ is considered essential if it is required by a plant in order to complete its life cycle

Answer 27

chemical element

Question 28

_________________ can be used to determine which elements are essential

Answer 28

hydrophobic culture

Question 29

________ elements are essential for plant nutrition

Answer 29

17

Question 30

_________ of these macronutrients required in high quantities

Answer 30

9

Question 31

_________ of these micronutrients required in small quantities

Answer 31

8

Question 32

symptoms of a nutrient deficiency depend on the ________

Answer 32

nutrient function

Question 33

magnesium is a component of __________________ a magnesium deficiency will result in _____________

Answer 33

chlorophyll | chlorosis

Question 34

deficiencies of __________________________________ are most common in pants

Answer 34

nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium

Question 35

plants form _____________ relations ships with bacteria and fungi 2 examples

Answer 35

mutualistic - root nodules - mycorrhizae

Question 36

_______________ is the most abundant gass in the atmosphere but cannot be incorporated directly into plant proteins or nucleic acids

Answer 36

nitrogen gas

Question 37

plants form _________________ relationships with other plants as well as with animals

Answer 37

nonmutualistic parasitic plants carnivorous plants

Question 38

___________________ is the conversion of N2 into ammonia and other usable forms

Answer 38

nitrogen fixation

Question 39

soil bacterium such as __________________ are nitrogen fixers in plant roots that extract fixed nitrogen from soil

Answer 39

nitrosomas

Question 40

certain plants _______________ are involved in mutualistic symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria such as __________________

Answer 40

legume | rhizobium

Question 41

root nodules do (3 things)

Answer 41

- bacteria reside on nodules along plant roots - bacteria provide fixed nitrogen to the plants - plants in return provide photoshinthates and shelter to bacteria

Question 42

__________________ are mutualistic symbiotic relationships between plant roots ad fungi. Incredibly common in all plants

Answer 42

mycorrhizae

Question 43

fungi wraps around plant roots and spread into the soil

Answer 43

the plants provide photosynthates to the fungi

Question 44

________________ obtain organic and inorganic nutrients from a host plant harming the host in the process

Answer 44

parasitic plants

Question 45

some plants are ____________ they are capable of photosynthesis but also obtain much other water and nutrients from host plant. Mistletoes

Answer 45

hemiparasites

Question 46

other plants are classified as ____________ they cannot photosynthesize and there extract all of they nutrients from a host plant. Daughter

Answer 46

holoparasites

Question 47

carnivorous plants are photosynthetic but supplement their __________ supply by trapping and digesting insects and other animals

Answer 47

nitrogen

Question 48

carnivorous plants are generally found in bogs with _______________ soil

Answer 48

nitrogen-poor

Question 49

carnivorous plants trap and kill they prey using highly modified __________

Answer 49

leaves

Question 50

3 types of carnivorous plants

Answer 50

- venus flytrap - sundew - pitcher plant