Lack Practical 2 Flashcards
myxinoidea, a hagfish possess ___________ for defense. Are myxinoidea vertebrates?
slime glands.
They are considered vertebrates because although they have a skull, they have not vertebral column
Do lampreys possess a backbone, jaws, fins?
they do possess a backbone made of cartilage, they do not possess jaws, and they do possess fins.
FYI: lampreys are petrimyxoniodia
Do condrythies possess a swim bladder or bone operculum?
No, as a result sharks and rays must continue swimming to breath and prevent sinking
what did jaws evolve from
gill arches
compair primitive and advanced fins?
primitive pelvic fins are more posterior and radial or sides of the body.
advanced fins are more anterior and centered in the body
what are ray finned fish named for?
the shape of their fins
what is the purpose of a body operculum?
the boney operculum beat weather the fish is swimming or not allowing them to continue breathing while not swimming
Why are dipnoi called lung fishes
they were the first fish to possess lungs. they also possess gills. They have lobe finns which are more muscular and limb like.
In what environment are amphibians found?
moist terrestrial because they have primitive lungs which require water exposure.
why does the frog skeleton have strong pelvic and pectoral girdles?
the pelvic fins became hind limbs. the pectoral limbs became the forelimbs. They have strong pelvic and pectoral girdles because they are experiencing gravity.
who are snakes most closely related to?
lizards are most closely related to snakes
what is the function of a turtle shell?
used for protection
dorsal surface- carapace
central surface- plastron
what did the scale of a bird modify into for flight. name other modifications of a bird.
the scales modified into feathers. they are endothermic to preserve energy for flight. they have a muscular keel to help in flight. they also have honeycomb bones
are mammals amniotes.
yes mammals are amniotes. the placenta will replace the amniotic egg in many mammals.
name synapomorphies that distinguish mammals
mammary glands and hair
what is the advantage of limbs that have been rotated to the ventral side of the body.
This advantage would be more effective weight bearing.
where is simple squamous epithelium found
in the alveoli of the lungs. simple means 1 layer of cells
distinguish between apical and basal surface
the apical surface faces the lumen and the basal surface faces the basement membrane
what is pseduostratified epithelium
the nuclei stager and they appear staggered. only in columnar. usually ciliated
were is simple cubical epithelium
in the kidney walls
where is simple columnar epithelium
intestine walls
where is psedostratified columnar epithelium
in the larynx and the trachea
where is stratified squamous epithelium
digestive tract and surface of skin
where is loose connective tissue found
they are found almost everywhere. it is found under epithelium
