Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Dental Pharmacology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

G+ cocci and bacilli; some G- cocci; spirochetes (streptococcus, treponema pallidum, neisseria gonorrhoeae): penicillins G and penicillins V

A

natural penicillins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

B lactamase producing staph (penicillinase resistant): nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin

A

anti-staphylococcal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

same as Pen G, plus some G- rods and bacilli; not resistant to broad spectrum B lactamases in G- organisms (H. influenzae, E coli): ampicillin, amoxicillin, cyclacillin

A

extended spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

enteric G- rods, G- bacilli; usually combined with an aminoglycoside for serious infections (pseudomonas aeruginosa, H. influenzae): ticarcillin, mezclocillin, piperacillin

A

anti-pseudomonal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam

A

b lactamase inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (oral): B lactamase producing Staph

A

augmentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ampicillin and sulbactam (parenteral)

A

unasyn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ticarcillin and clavulanic acid (parenteral)

A

timentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

piperacillin and tazobactam (parenteral): gram neg. bacilli; not pseudomonas

A

zosyn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

penicillins that have biliary excretion

A

nafcillin and oxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

treat MRSA with…

A

vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

diarrhea after oral dose is more common with …

A

ampicillin and augmentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

first gen. cephalosporin; similar spectrum to ampicillin; G+ cocci; some G- bacilli

A

cephalothin and cefazolin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

second gen. cephalosporin; less active for G+ and more active for G-; H. influenza, N. meningitidis

A

cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefaclor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

third gen. cephalosporin; enteric G-; reserve for very serious infections; crosses BBB; h. influenza, serratia

A

cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefixime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

b. fragilis

A

cefoxitin and cefotetan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pseudomonas

A

ceftazidime only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

fourth gen cephalosporin; increase activity for G+, B lactamase producing organisms, broad spectrum

A

cefepime and ceftaroline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

which 4th gen ceph? p. aeruginosa, klebsiella, e coli, enterobacter, citrobacter, proteus mirabilis

A

cefepime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

which 4th gen ceph? s aureus (MRSA and MSSA), s pneumoniae, E coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter

A

cerftaroline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

no current cephs have activity for …

A

enterococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

3rd gen; penetrate to CSF sufficiently to be useful for treatment of meningitis

A

cefotaxime and ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

extra dose required after hemodialysis except for …

A

ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

disulfiram like effects w/ alcohol for cephs with N-methylthiotetrazole side chain –> i.e. …

A

cefotetan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
B lactam ring; more resistant to beta lactamase enzymes than penicillins and cephalosporins; broadest spectrum of any b lactam; IV
carbapenems-imipenem
26
carbapenems-imipenem is administered with ... which inhibits dehydropeptidase and prevents breakdown in kidney and renal toxicity
cilastatin
27
fixed combo of carbapenem and cilastatin
primaxin
28
active against p. aeruginosa, resistant nosocomial gram negatives, role in empiric therapy
carbapenems
29
carbapenem that doesnt require co administration with cilastatin; slightly less likely to cause seizures; active against imipenem resistant p. aeruginosa and extended spectrum b lactamases producing E coli and klesbsiella
meropenem
30
carbapenem with longer serum half life; once a day dosing
ertapenem
31
inhibits cell wall synthesis but with different site from other B lactams; narrow spectrum-primarily against G+; glomerular filtration half life a lot longer with renal impairment; nephrotoxicity which increases when in combo with aminoglycoside, cyclosporin, amphotericin; used against MRSA
vancomycin
32
erythromycin, clindamycin, azithromycin
macrolides
33
binds to 50s subunit and inhibits protein synthesis; bacteriostatic; narrow spectrum- high uptake in G+ and low in G-; oral but in protected form; concentrated in liver and excreted in bile; renal failure has no effect; inhibits cytochrome P450; can trigger heart arrhythmia; 2nd after Pen G for G+ infections
erythromycin
34
more acid stable than erythromycin; absorption of oral dose increases with food; longer half life; slightly better activity against G+; similar in effectiveness to Pen Vs; slightly less inhibiting of cytochrome P450 than erythromycin but still does inhibit it;
clarithromycin
35
more acid stable; very long half life; absorption of oral dose reduced with food; concentrates in macrophages, neutrophils and fibroblasts; increased penetration in G-; NO inhibition of CYP enzymes; small increased risk for cardiac death
azithromycin
36
drug of choice for legionella, campylobacter, mycobacterium avium complex
azithromycin
37
inhibition of protein synthesis; binds to 50S; cross resistance to the macrolide antibiotics; penetrates bone; spectrum includes many of the orodental pathogens; G+ cocci; anaerobic G+ and G-; prophylactic coverage with allergic to penicillin
clindamycin
38
inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to 30S; bacteriostatic with reversible binding to ribosome; broad spectrum; G+ and G-; aerobic and anaerobic
tetracycline
39
may be drug of choice for mycoplasma, chlamydia, rickettsiae; spirochetes
tetracycline
40
resistance to one tetracycline provides resistance to ...
all tetracyclines
41
absorption inhibited by di- and trivalent cations; best absorbed in acidic conditions of stomach w/o antacids; concentrates in bone and teeth particularly when undergoing calcification; fetal conc. can be relatively high in bond and dentition; excreted to the bile
tetracycline
42
which tetracyclines use hepatic excretion
minocycline and doxycycline
43
adverse effects: avitaminosis (B vitamins produced by flora in gut); superinfections common; discoloration of teeth during development
tetracycline
44
which tetracyline is more completely absorbed and least likely to cause problem
doxycycline
45
induced staining of dentition in adults; vestibular toxicity
minocycline
46
enzymatic reduction of drug by to cause effects on bacterial DNA replication; penetrates CSF; can by used to treat clostridium difficile; active against G- anaerobes found in acute orofacial infections, refractory/rapidly progressive periodontitis; protozoal infections; inhibits P450 isozyme; disulfiram effect
metronidazole
47
ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, sparfloxacin
fluoroquinolones
48
inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase, inhibits DNA synthesis, bacteriocidal; absorption decreases with antacids containing Al+++ and Mg++ and decreases with dietary supplements containing Fe++ and Zn++; accumulates in macrophages and leukocytes-->effective against intracellular organism (legionella); poor CSF penetration; half life increases with renal failure; broad spectrum
fluoroquinolones
49
alterations in DNA gyrase binding is caused by mutation to ... of DNA gyrase enzyme
QRDR gene
50
resistance to fluoroquinolones becoming frequent in ...
S. aureua and P. aeruginosa
51
which generation of fluoroquinolones?: increased G- and systemic activity; improved pharmacokinetics; fewer side effects
2nd gen
52
which generation of fluoroquinolones?: extended activity against G+; broad G- coverage
3rd gen
53
which generation of fluoroquinolones?: activity against anaerobes along with G+ and G- of 3rd generation
4th gen
54
which generation of fluoroquinolones?: ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin
2nd gen
55
which generation of fluoroquinolones?: grepafloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin
3rd gen
56
which generation of fluoroquinolones?: gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin
4th gen
57
fluoroquinolones have poor CSF penetration except ...
ofloxacin
58
adverse effects: prolongation of QT interval (3rd gen except levofloxacin); articular cartilage erosion (arthropathy) drug interactions: inhibition of P450 system
fluoroquinolones
59
a fluroquinolone with definite risk of QTc prolongation
sparfloxacin
60
fluoroquinolones with possible risk of QTc prolongation
gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxcin
61
fluoroquinolone to avoid in patients with or suspected to have congenital long QT syndrome, hypokalemia, or receiving Class IA or Class III antiarrhythmic agents
ciprofloxacin
62
inhibit utilization of PABA in the synthesis of folic acid; bacteriostatic; pass the placental barrier and into breast milk; hematologic disorders in G6PD deficiency; sulfonamide binds serum albumin and displaces other drugs
sulfonamides
63
inhibits reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate; resistance comes from alteration in enzyme affinity; concentrates in prostate and vaginal fluids; synergistic with sulfonamides
trimethoprim
64
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combo
co-trimoxazole

Dental Pharmacology (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions