Autonomics Flashcards
1
Q
True or False: There is very little sympathetic innervation to the bronchial smooth muscle
A
True
2
Q
True or False: There is very little sympathetic innervation to the bronchial glands.
A
False
3
Q
Neurotransmitter of Somatic
A
Ach
4
Q
Neurotransmitter of PreG Sympathetic
A
Ach
5
Q
Neurotransmitter of PostG Sympathetic except Sweat Glands
A
NE
6
Q
Neurotransmitter of PostG Sympathetic to Sweat Glands
A
Ach
7
Q
Neurotransmitter of Sympathetic to Adrenal Gland
A
Ach
8
Q
Adrenal Gland releases…
A
EPI / Ne
9
Q
Neurotransmitter of PreG and PostG of Parasympathetic
A
Ach
10
Q
Neurotransmitter of all PreG
A
Ach
11
Q
Neurotransmitter in the peripheral efferent nerves
A
Ach, NE, NO
12
Q
Adrenergic drugs use…
A
NE or Epi
13
Q
Which NT is important for coordinating?
A
Dopamine
14
Q
Too much of which NT can result in schizophrenia?
A
Dopamine
15
Q
Inhibitory NT in the brain?
A
GABA
16
Q
Stimulatory NT in the brain?
A
Glutamate
17
Q
Too much of which NT can result in epileptic seizures?
A
Glutamate
18
Q
What lipid transmitter substance is required for implantation of the embryo on uterus?
A
Anandamide
19
Q
What gas transmitter substance is produced in the inner lining of endothelial cells?
A
NO
20
Q
In the NO mechanism of action what acts on GTP to from cGMP?
A
Guanylate cyclase
21
Q
In the NO mechanism of action of substance reduces Calcium causing muscle relaxation?
A
cGMP
22
Q
In the NO mechanism of action what controls levels of cGMP and is a target for ED drugs like Viagra?
A
PDE5
23
Q
Which CNS NT? Phys: perception, cognition, motor movements, prolactin secretion, elation, euphoria
A
Dopamine
24
Q
Which CNS NT? PathPhys: Scizophreniz, Parkinsons, Tic disorders, addiction
A
Dopamine
25
Which CNS NT? Phys: memory, motor movements
Ach
26
Which CNS NT? PathPhys: Alzheimers, Parkinsons
Ach
27
Which CNS NT? Phys: arousal, consciousness, motor control, muscle tone
GABA
28
Which CNS NT? PathoPhys: anxiety, mania, seizures, spastic disorders
GABA
29
Transmitter substances in afferent nerves?
Substance P, calcitonin gene related peptides
30
NT of PostG fibers for sex organs and some PostG in the intestine and lower esophageal sphincter
NO
31
Where NE is stored and released in SNS?
varicosities
32
NE and Epi are synthesized from...
tyrosine
33
Tyrosine is converted to Dopa by...
tyrosine hydroxylase
34
Dopa converted to dopamine by...
aromatic-L-amino acid decarboxylase
35
dopamine to NE by...
dopamine-B-hydroxylase
36
True or False: 80% of NE is retaken back into the varicosity?
True
37
NE is converted to Epi by...
PNMT (phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase)
38
What drug inhibits conversion of tyrosine to DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase and is treatment for Pheochromocytoma?
a-methyl-p-tyrosine, Metyrosine (Demser)
39
What drug inhibits conversion of DOPA to dopamine in the periphery because it cant cross the BBB and is used in adjunct to treat Parkinsons with L-DOPA?
Carbidopa
40
What drug reduces activity of B-hydroxylase (converts dopamine to NE) and is used to treat alchoholism?
Disulifiram
41
What drug inhibits uptake of dopamine and NE into synaptic vesicles and is used to treat hypertension and psychosis to reduce agitation in horses?
Reserpine
42
Reserpine inhibits...
VMAT
43
What drug is used to treat pregnancy induced hypertension?
a-methyldopa (Aldomet)
44
What drug inhibits NE release and is used for intensive care or coronary care of life threatening ventricular arrhythmias?
Bretylium tosylate
45
What drugs inhibit amine transporters resulting in NE buildup in synaptic cleft? (also inhibits uptake of Dopamine and serotonin)
Cocaine, tricyclic antidepressants
46
What drugs pump NE out of the nerves?
Amphetamine and tyramine
47
What is an example of tricyclic anitdepressants that is used for treatment of depression and migraine headache?
Desipramine
48
A therapeutic use of Cocaine?
diagnosis of Horners syndrome
49
Metabolites of NE and Epi?
VMA, MOPEG, MHPG, metanephrine, normetanephrine
50
Metabolites of dopamine?
HMA, DOPAC
51
What drug inhibits MAO-A and -B and is used for treatment of depression, panic disorders, and social phobia?
Phenelzine
52
What drug is a MAO-B (specific) inhibitor and is used with or w/o L-DOPA in treatment of Parkinsons, depression and dementia?
Selegiline
53
What drug is a COMT inhibitor and is used as adjunct w/ L-DOPA for parkinsons?
Entacapone
54
Two drugs used as adjunct with L-DOPA?
Carpidopa and Entacapone
55
Epi is agonist of...
A1, A2, B1, B2
56
NE is agonist of...
A1, A2, B1
57
Phenylephrine is agonist of...
A1
58
Which receptor agonists?: vasoconstriction (blood vessels), contraction of radial muscle (eye), decrease tone and motility (GIT), contraction of sphincter muscle (GIT and bladder)
A1
59
Which receptor do blood vessels not have?
B1
60
A1 agonists?
NE, Epi, phenylephrine
61
Clonidine is agonist of...
A2
62
A2 agonists?
NE, Epi, Clonidine
63
Which receptor agonists?: vasoconstriction (blood vessels), platelet aggregation (platelets), decrease tone and motility (GIT), hypotension (by its action of the RVLM)
A2
64
Which A2 agonist vasocontricts in the periphery but in the brain causes hypotenstion = net effect lowers BP?
Clonidine
65
B1 agonists?
Epi, NE, Isoproterenol, Dobutamine
66
Isoproterenol is agonist of...
B1, B2
67
Dobutamine is agonist of...
B1, higher doses: B2, A1
68
Which receptor agonists?: cardiac stimulation (heart), fatty acid mobilization (adipose tissue), decrease tone and motility (GIT), increase renin release (kidney)
B1
69
B2 agonists (short duration)?
Epi, Isoproterenol, Albuterol
70
B2 agonist (long duration)?
Salmeterol, Formoterol, Indacaterol
71
Which receptor agonists?: dilation of arteries and veins, relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, relaxation of GIT smooth muscle, increase insulin secretion, relaxation (pregnant) (uterus)
B2
72
Conducting system in the heart primary receptor is...
B1
73
Which receptor relaxes bronchial smooth muscle?
B2
74
Which receptor?: vascular relaxation (renal and mesenteric blood vessels), natriusesis and diruesis (kidney), stimulation of PTH release (parathyroids)
D1 (dopaminergic receptor)
75
Indirect acting amines?
amphetamine and tyramine
76
Mixed action (direct and indirect)?
ephedrine and metaraminol
77
Direct acting?
NE and Epi
78
mydriasis?
dilation of eye
79
miosis?
constriction of eye
80
Which receptor agonists cause pupil dilation?
A1
81
Treatment of bronchial asthma or COPD?
Albuterol, Salmeterol, Formoterol, Indacaterol (B2)
82
Treatment of anaphylatic shock,
Epi and anithistamines
83
Treat of nasal congestion?
Phenylephrine (A1)
84
Used with local anesthetics in dentistry to prolong duration of action by vasoconstriction?
Epi
85
Drug used to treat short term cardiac decompensation after cardiac surgery or in congestive heart failure?
dobutamine (B1)
86
Drug (not cocaine) used to diagnose Horners syndrome?
hydroxyamphetamine
87
Drugs used to treat narcolepsy?
amphetamine and ephedrine, Modafinil
88
Two nonselective A-adrenergic receptor antagonists of A1 and A2?
Phenoxybenzamine and Phentolamine
89
Drugs that end in -sin (or -cin) are...?
A1 adrenergic receptor antagonists
90
What receptor causes lipolysis?
B1
91
What class of drugs? therapeutic uses: hypertention, pheochromocytoma, peripheral vascular disease, shock, pulmonary congestion, erectile dysfunction, reversal of anesthesia (dentsitry), benign prostatic hypertrophy
A adrenergic receptor antagonists
92
Drugs that end in -lol are...?
B adrenergic receptor antagonists
93
B adrenergic receptor antagonists of B1 and B2?
Timolol and Propanolol
94
B adrenergic receptor antagonists of B1?
Atenolol, Metoprolol, Nebivolol (NO release)
95
Adrenergic receptor antagonists of B1, B2, A1?
Labetalol
96
What class of drugs? therapeutic uses: cardiac arrhythmias, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathies, myocardial infarctions, angina pectoris
B adrenergic receptor antagonists
97
What class of drugs? therapeutic uses: acute dissecting aortic aneurysm (Marfan's syndrome), Fallot's tetrology, Congestive heart failure
B adrenergic receptor antagonists
98
What class of drugs? therapeutic uses: reflex tachycardia, stress or fear induced tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, glaucoma, migraine
B adrenergic receptor antagonists
99
Contraindications to using B Blockers?
Patients with AV block, diabetics on insulin, bronchial asthma
100
What inhibits vesicle membrane fusion during Ach synthesis?
Botulinum toxin
101
Blocker of muscarinic receptors?
Atropine
102
Blocker of nicotinic (N1) receptors at PreG receptors?
Hexamethonium
103
Blocker of nicotinic (N2) receptors at neuromuscular junction?
Curare
104
What are the choline esters?
Ach, Methacholine, Carbachol, Bethanechol
105
What drug is an alkaloid?
Pilocarpine
106
What drug is an oxathiolane derivative?
Cevimeline
107
Parasympathetic response of iris sphincter muscle?
contraction, miosis
108
Parasympathetic response of ciliary muscle?
contraction, accommodation of near vision
109
parasympathetic response of lacrimal and salivary glands?
secretion
110
parasympathetic response of heart SA node?
decrease activity--> bradycardia
111
parasympathetic response of atrial muscle
decrease contractility
112
parasympathetic response of AV node?
decrease conduction velocity
113
parasympathetic response of bronchial smooth muscle?
contraction
114
parasympathetic response of bronchial glands?
increase secretions
115
parasympathetic response of GIT?
increase tone/motility and increase secretions
116
parasympathetic response of urinary bladder- detrusor muscle?
increase tone- contraction
117
parasympathetic response of trigone and sphincter muscles?
decrease tone- relaxation
118
parasympathetic response of blood vessels?
no effect
119
Muscarinic agent used to test for miosis after cataract surgery?
Ach
120
Muscarinic agent used in diagnosis of asthma?
methacholine
121
Muscarinic agent used to treat glaucoma and produce miosis?
carbachol
122
Muscarinic agent used for tx of post operative urinary retention
bethanechol
123
muscarinic agent used topically for glaucoma and xerostomia?
pilocarpine
124
muscarinic agent used for tx of xerostomia associated with Sjogrens?
cevimeline
125
Never administer synthetic choline esters with...?
I.V.
126
Atropa belladonna is...?
atropine
127
Antimuscarinic that dilates the pupil?
tropicamide
128
antimuscarinic used to prevent urinary bladder action?
solifenacin
129
animuscarnics used for treatment of parkinsons?
benzotropin and trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride
130
antimuscarinic that prevents motion sickness?
scopolamine
131
two ganglionic blocking drugs?
hexametholnium (quarternary ammonium compound) and mecamylamine (secondary amine)
132
drug used for treatment of Tourettes?
mecamylamine
133
Major competitive agents of Ach in skeletal muscle?
d-Tubocururine, Cis-atracurium, pancuronium
134
depolarizing agents in skeletal muscle (initially stimulates but then desensitizes receptors?
succinylcholine
135
inhalational anesthetics synergistic with the competitive neuromuscular blockers?
ether, halothane, isoflurane
136
Anticholinesterase drug used for tx of glaucoma and Alzheimers
physostigmine
137
Anticholinesterase drug used in diagnosis of Myastenia gravis?
edrophonium
138
Anticholinesterase drug used in diagnosis and tx of myasthenia gravis, postoperative atony of guy and bladder, and curare overdose
neostigmine
139
Irreversible inhibitor (anticholinesterase) used clinically?
DFP
140
Irreversible inhibitors (anticholinesterase) that are insecticides?
malathion, fenthion, diazinon
141
Three nerve gases?
tabun, sarin, soman
142
What is a cholinesterase reactivator?
pralidoxime
