AP WORLD HISTORY AP TEST REVIEW Flashcards
(361 cards)
0
Q
What was Mesopotamia’s writing system
A
Cuneiform
1
Q
Mesopotamian religion can be described as
A
Polytheistic
2
Q
Bronze Age started in
A
3000 BCE
3
Q
Iron Age started in
A
1300 BCE
4
Q
Egypt’s writing system
A
Hieroglyphics
5
Q
Egyptian religion can be described as
A
Polytheistic
6
Q
Chinese dynasties in order
A
Shang, Zhou, Qin, han, Sui, tang, song, yuan, Ming, Qing republic
7
Q
What are 2 very significant parts of the Zhou Dynasty?
A
They used the Mandate of Heaven to justify rebellions and they were the longest lasting Chinese dynasty
8
Q
What significant piece of culture did the Phoenicians create?
A
A 22 letter alphabet
9
Q
What is animism?
A
A religion of earlier times in which spirits reside in ordinary objects
10
Q
Qin dynasty rule
A
221-209 BCE
11
Q
Han dynasty rule
A
206BC-200CE
12
Q
What was the Mauryan Empire (322-185 BCE) the first to do?
A
Unify the Indian subcontinent
13
Q
Even though the Gupta Empire (320-550BCE) was much smaller than the Mauryan Empire (322-185 BCE), the Gupta gave India it’s _______ ________ which brought number system, the concept of zero, the concept of PI, eclipses, and surgeries.
A
Golden Ages
14
Q
What did Greece adopt from the Phoenicians
A
Their alphabet
15
Q
What sort of things did Athens focus on?
A
Democracy, science, arts, architecture
16
Q
What did Sparta focus on?
A
Military
17
Q
The Greek religion was
A
Hellenism
18
Q
Alexander the Great conquered
A
Greece
19
Q
Twelve Tables are similar to
A
Hammurabai’s Code of Law
20
Q
After Julius Cesar was killed in 44BCE who ruled the Roman Empire
A
Octavian Augustus
21
Q
Pax Romana means
A
Roman Peace
22
Q
How did Han China fall in 220CE?
A
o Internal - population increases, land problems, corruption, peasant rebellion called Yellow Turban (184 CE), disease
o External- conflict with nomadic Xiongnu
23
Q
How did the Roman Empire fall in 476 CE?
A
o Internal- tax revolts, poor leaders, division of empire, violent death of emperors, over expansion, decrease in trade, reliance on mercenaries, disease
o External- Huns and Goths
24
Gupta empire fell because...
Invasion by the White Huns
25
What period was Confucianism developed?
Warring States period
26
Warring states period
The 250 years between 475 and 221 BC where the region of the Zhou Dynasty was divided between 8 states. These states had frequent wars until 221 BC when Qin conquered them all.
27
Daoism
o Founder Laozi
o Harmony with nature
o Influence on Chinese culture with chemists, botanists and astronomers
28
Judaism
o First great monotheistic faith/ Influenced Christianity and Islam
o Covenant with God
o Founder Abraham
o Follow the laws of Moses in the Torah
29
Which rivers were around Mesopotamia?
Tigris and Euphrates
30
The Olmec and Chavin civilizations of the Americas were significant because neither developed in a...
River valley
31
What was the first metal used?
Copper
32
Which was better, the role of women in Paleolithic or Neolithic cultures?
Paleolithic, because not only did they care for children but they were also responsible gathering.
33
The Mauryan Empire was founded by Chandragupta, but his grandson took the empire to its greatest heights. Who was he?
Ashoka Maurya
34
Ashoka Maurya converted to what religion?
Buddhism
35
What happened to the Mauryan Dynasty after Ashoka Maurya's death in 232 BC?
Chandra Gulta II, also known as Chandra Gupta the Great, revived it into the Gupta Empire, which ended up being a bit more decentralized.
36
Where was the Persian Empire (500BC) as far as expansion and location?
It was HUGE. It stretched beyond the Nile river valley, around the eastern Mediterranean and through Greece and present day turkey and Afghanistan.
37
The Persians were known for creating a series of long roads, the longest was the...
Great Royal Road
38
Who came up with the concept of using coined money to conduct trade rather than using the barter system?
The Lydians
39
Who were the first to practice Judaism?
The Hebrews
40
Describe Athens.
A wealthy city of Greece that also was the center of all of Greece's commercial activity
41
What were the Persian Wars (499-449 BCE)?
a series of wars fought by Greek states and Persia over a period of almost half a century. Much of Athens was destroyed but it ended in a stalemate
42
What was the Golden Age of Pericles?
An era of peace and prosperity for Greece after the Persian Wars
43
What was the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE)?
A war fought by Athens and Sparta. Sparta pretty much won but didn't completely destroy Athens out of respect for their role in the Persian Wars.
44
What did the Macedonians conquer and reign from 359-336 BCE
Athens; Philip III ruled and instead of Greek culture he actually helped it flourish which was unique.
45
What is/was Hellenism?
The culture of classical Greece
46
Philip III's son, Alexander the Great, expanded what group's dominance?
Macedonia
47
What were the parts of the Roman Republic's (509-476 BCE) social structure
Patricians- land owning noblemen
Plebeians- free men
Slaves
48
What were the Punic War?
A series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC
49
The laws of the Roman code were called...
Twelve Table of Rome
50
The fall of the Roman Empire was due to...
Job issues, inflation, political leaders' conflicts
51
The collapse of the Roman Republic led to the first and second triumvirate to rule. Who ruled in each?
1st-Pompey, Crassus, Julius Ceasar
| 2nd-Octavius, Marc Antony, Lepidus
52
In what cultural/architectural way were the Mayans similar to Egyptians?
They built pyramids!
53
What was the Classical Period (200-600CE)?
A period in which all the greatest civilizations collapsed, like han, Gupta, Roman Empire, and maya
54
Where was the Aztec capital ?
Tenochtitlan
55
Describe the role of women in the Aztec empire.
The ran the household but did skilled crafts such as weaving. They could also inherit property.
56
How was the Aztec religious system tied to the military?
One of the purposes of the military was to obtain victims for human sacrifice
57
The Roman Empire and the Aztecs were similar in that they allowed the people they conquered to govern themselves as long as they did what?
Pay taxes/tributes
58
Where was the Inca Empire?
Andes Mts of Peru
59
Where was the Aztec Empire?
Central Mexico
60
The Maya, Aztecs, and Inca used what type of labor?
Human labor, because none of them had large animals
61
Describe the role of Incan women.
They worked fields, wove cloth, and ran the household.
62
Was the Inca religion polytheistic or monotheistic?
Polytheistic; but their sun God was the most important to them
63
Both the Aztecs and Incas practiced sacrifice but the Inca's sacrifices were usually...
Material goods or animals
64
Temple of the Sun and Manchu Picchu were example of who's architecture?
The Inca
65
What was the Inca's capital called?
Cuzco
66
Where did the Black Death originate and how did it spread?
China; Silk Road
67
Monsoons were used in what type of trade to better sea traveling/scheduling?
Indian Ocean Trade
68
What led to cultural intermix with the Indian Ocean Trade?
Sailors married women at the end of their trade routes and took the foreign wives home to start bilingual and bicultural families
69
What were the 3 main religions that spread on the Silk Road?
Buddhism, Islam, Christianity
70
What was the Hanseatic League?
A collection of city states in the Baltic and North Sea regions of Europe that banded together in 1241 to establish common trade practices and fight of privates and foreign governments and establish trade monopolies
71
What were pastoralists?
Nomadic peoples who herded domesticated animals
72
Unlike Christianity and Buddhism, Hinduism did not have what?
A founder
73
What are the 4 Noble Truths of Buddhism?
In life there is suffering
It comes from selfish desire
Those seeking the path to nirvana should try to end suffering
This can be done by 8 fold path
74
What was the 8 fold path? (The actual steps)
Right view, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, concentration (acronym -SICALEM)
75
Buddhism spread by missionaries and merchants by...
The Indian Ocean and Silk Road
76
What are the 2 totes of Buddhism?
Theravada and Mahayana
77
What is filial piety?
A confusion term for have utmost respect for parents
78
What does patriarchy mean?
The superior place of men over women.
79
In 1096 CE what did Pope Urban do?
Initiated the first crusade in response to the Seljuk Turks' conquering of the Holy Land
80
In 1096 CE what did Pope Urban do?
Initiated the first crusade in response to the Seljuk Turks' conquering of the Holy Land
81
What was Pope Urban hoping would come out of the Crusades?
He wanted Jerusalem to be in the hands of Christians and wanted to reunite the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church in Constantinople
82
Even though Pope Urban hoped the crusades would bring the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church together, what actually happened?
They separated even further
83
What main theme do the crusades initiate?
Religion combined with conquest can be a very bloody enterprise
84
What result did the crusades have in Europe?
They put them back into the sphere of the eastern Mediterranean for centuries which fueled trade and exchange ideas; it also rediscovered Europe's ancient past that was preserved by the Byzantine and Islamic empires
85
The eastern Roman Empire became what new empire?
Byzantine
86
Capitals were moved all the time to create an aura of a rising empire. An example is...
Constantinople, Baghdad, or Fujiwara (capital of Japan)
87
Why were African women more hesitant to convert to a religion rather than African men?
The practice of veiling was met with mixed reactions
88
When and where did Daoism start?
Same time as Confucianism and in east Asia
89
The Yin-Yang symbol is a part of what religion?
Daoism
90
What is shamanism?
A religion in belief that human spirit guides (shamans) are contacts between this world and the spirit world
91
How did Buddhism and Christianity offer a religious role to women?
They allowed them to serve as nuns
92
What group created theatrical acting?
The Greeks
93
List the following religions in order:
| Islam Judaism Hinduism Christianity Daioism Buddhism Neo-Confucianism
```
Hinduism
Buddhism
Daioism
Neo-Confucianism
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
```
94
What marked the switch from the roman republic to the Roman Empire?
The death of Julius Caesar and ride of Augustus
95
What were roman roads used for?
To move soldiers quickly into troubled spots of the empire and eventually missionaries too
96
What empire created the Code of Justinian?
The Byzantine Empire
97
What was the Moche?
A classical civilization of the Andean region; just like the Maya's and Egyptians they made pyramids
98
Where was Carthage?
North Africa
99
What was common to all classical empires?
Patriarchy
100
How did all classical empires decline?
They overextended themselves and declined socially politically and economically
101
What was the first Great Persian Empire?
Achaemenid empire (in western India and turkey)
102
What were satraps?
Regional leaders that watched over parts of the Persian empire
103
Why was the Persian Empire so vulnerable?
It overextended itself
104
What Persian based Empire defeated Alexander the Great's divided kingdom?
Parthian Empire
105
How was legalism used in the Qin dynasty?
It established a clear chain of command and rules for bureaucratic etiquette. It also severely punished those who didn't follow the rules
106
Who were the Han Dynasty known for trading with across the Silk Road?
The Roman Empire
107
Who built the Great Wall of China?
Han dynasty
108
Why were the Han Dynasty's canal projects significant?
They linked northern and southern China
109
Where was the Mauryan Empire (321-185 BCE)?
Pakistan
110
What are the Classical Indian Empires?
Gupta and Mauryan
111
What types of goods did the Phoenicians specialize in?
Luxury goods; like cinnamon and diamonds
112
Even though most Greek city states were a democracy, what was Sparta's form of government?
Totalitarian oligarchy
113
What Persian Empire did Alexander the Great conquer in the 300 BCE?
Achaemenid
114
What is humanism?
The focus on human endeavors
115
What does Renaissance literally mean?
Rebirth
116
What group used the Renaissance arts in their cathedrals?
The Catholic Church
117
Architects of what time period borrowed from the Greeks and Romans?
The Renaissance
118
What was the difference between medieval art and Renaissance art?
Renaissance art was more realistic
119
How medieval art and Renaissance art similar?
Both used religious ideas
120
Where and when was moveable type created?
Mid 1400s in Europe
121
How did the invention of the printing press alter the middle class?
Reading became a past time
122
How did Shakespeare's works represent the Renaissance?
They illustrated humanism and politics and mythology of classical civilizations
123
When were the Middle Ages?
600-1450
124
What did Martin nail to church doors?
95 Theses
125
John Calvin argued what?
Predestination
126
Catholic reformation
Sixteenth century time when the Catholic Church reformed itself after the Protestant reformation
127
Who founded the society of Jesuits?
Ignatius Loyola
128
What was the council of Trent?
A series of meetings held by church officials to direct the counter-reformation period (1545-1563) dictating and defining the catholic interpretation of religious doctrine and stifling the catholic church's important religious questions of salvation
129
What divided Christianity in 1054?
The Great Schism
130
What did Nicolaus Copernicus develop after the counter-reformation?
A mathematical theory that asserted that the earth and other celestial bodies revolved around the sun and the earth rotates on its axis daily.
131
The church put Galileo's works on The Index. What is The Index?
A list of banned heretical works
132
What did John Locke believe?
All men were born equal to each other and has natural unalienable rights
133
When was the neoclassical period?
Middle of 18th century
134
An increase in European trade was caused by what 2 main things?
The crusades and formation of the hanseatic league
135
Who was Henry the navigator?
King John I of Portugal's son and he was responsible for the early development of Portuguese exploration and maritime trade with other continents through the systematic exploration of Western Africa, the islands of the Atlantic Ocean, and the search for new routes.
136
What was the treaty of tordesillas
It settled the Americas land disputes between Spain and Portugal
137
What kinds of technology was used during the Age of Exploration?
Sternpost rudder, astrolabe, lateen sails, magnetic compass, three mastered caravels
138
In 1519 what did Hernan Cortes do?
Landed in Mexico and discovered/fought the Aztecs
139
Why were the spaniards able to so easily take over the Aztec empire?
They had horses/tech, other civilizations that despised the Aztecs joined them, and they brought fast spreading disease
140
In 1531 who conquered the inca because they brought disease?
Francisco Pizarro
141
What was the colonial society hierarchical system?
Top to bottom:
Peninsulares- spanish colonial officials
Creoles- people born of Spanish parents in the Americas
Mestizos- of European and Native American ancestry
Mulattos- European and African ancestry
142
What were viceroys?
Governors of New Spain
143
How did the encomienda system work?
It was like feudalism; peninsulares were given land and were expected to protect the natives and convert them to Christianity
144
What is deism and when did it form?
A belief in a powerful God who created earth but didn't interfere with its workings; after the scientific revolution
145
What was The Enlightenment?
In the 17th&18th centuries it focused on the role of mankind in relation to government, ideas which greatly inflicted the U.S. Constitution
146
When were camels introduced and what was their effect?
When the calendar shifted from bce to ce and it increased west African and southwest trade
147
The trans Saharan trade routes spread what main religion?
Islam
148
Costantinople was the key center for what trade route?
North-south Eurasian trade routes (which connected the Baltic Sea of Europe to Black Sea/Russian regions)
149
The Indian Ocean trade connected what regions?
Southeast Asia, China, Africa, Middle East, and South Asia
150
What type of ship was used in Indian Ocean trade
Dhow (small, triangular lateen sails)
151
What is deism and when did it form?
A belief in a powerful God who created earth but didn't interfere with its workings; after the scientific revolution
152
What was The Enlightenment?
In the 17th&18th centuries it focused on the role of mankind in relation to government, ideas which greatly inflicted the U.S. Constitution
153
600 CE-1450 is also known as what?
Post classical era
154
As a result of the fall of the Han Dynasty, what happens to the Silk a Roads and Indian Ocean Trade?
Trade declined from political unrest and instability made travel riskier
155
How did the Tang empire stabilize their money system in the 9th century ce?
The government took over money production in China
156
Who introduced paper money into central and southwest Asia in the 14th century?
The Mongols
157
Who built the grand canal?
The Chinese
158
What was lax mongolica?
Islamic peace
159
What were other names for the Vikings? (800-1100CE)
Northmen, Norsemen, and Normans
160
Where did the Vikings raid?
England, France, Russia, Byzantine empire, Italy
161
What did the Vikings focus in conquering?
Ports of trade
162
Where did the Bantu migrations occur and what did they do?
South and east Africa; they carried their language, agricultural style, metal workings, and herding of animals
163
What is a common example of a Bantu-based language?
Swahili
164
How did Marco Polo influence Europe in the 13th century ce?
His account on his travels gave Europeans insights into the regions he visited
165
Both traveling in 1300 ce, what were the religions of Marco Polo and ibn battuta ? (They're different)
Christianity and Islam
166
What was mansa muss known for handing out during his travels?
Gold (this caused an inflation in Cairo)
167
Who established the New Roman Empire (consisting of France, Germany, and northern Italy) and when?
Charlemagne 800ce
168
When the New Roman Empire fractured after Charlemagne's death, what happening to the Byzantine empire?
It flourished
169
Where was the birthplace of Muhammad?
Mecca
170
What does jihad mean?
An Islamic struggle for faith
171
Describe the 2 Islamic caliphates.
Abbasid- fell to the Mongols, used mamluk soldiers, Persian influence, turkey through Central Asia
Ummayyad- in Spain, used Arabian technology, Islamic rulers
172
Where was the political center of Islam?
Delhi
173
What were the Delhi sultanates?
Muslim Turk dynasties of South Asia
174
What was an economic cause of the crusades?
Trade; sometime merchants went on crusades to trade with Muslims
175
What happened to Jerusalem after the crusades?
It became occupied by Muslims, Jews,name Christians
176
From the transition of the Sui dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, what changed with religions?
Buddhism was banned and Confucianism was accepted.
177
Ceramics were apart of what Dynasty?
Tang
178
How did the Tang Dynasty fall?
Bandits, Pirates, Floods, Famines
179
From the transition of the tang to Song Dynasty, what changed?
Neo-Confucianism and foot binding developed
180
What does signification mean?
He spread of Chinese culture
181
What is a shogun?
Ruling military strongman
182
Who established the Yuan Dynasty?
Genghis khan's son, Kublai Khan (Mongol)
183
What did the Russians call the Mongols ?
The Golden Horde
184
In 1480 what did Ivan the Great do?
Successfully attack the Mongols
185
Ethiopian religion was what?
Christianity
186
Who developed chinampas (large "floating islands of agriculture)?
Aztecs
187
What happened to cities after the classical empire fell
The declined from disease, trace bandits, and invaders
188
What factors contributed to cities' revival in the post classical period?
Safer trade routes, more city jobs, new food growing methods
189
In Russia, why did many peasants volunteer to become serfs?
Serfs didn't have to pay taxes
190
The Inca developed what did system that Europeans used when they conquered them?
The Mira system
191
In the Byzantine and Ottoman Empire one could climb up the social ladder by doing what?
Military service and becoming a successful merchant
192
What factors led Europeans to travel to the Americas?
New ship design and navigation and the desire to spread Christianity, trade motivations,
193
Who was Zheng He?
A Ming dynasty traveler who brought back animals plants and goods from Africa. His expeditions were canceled by the Chinese government when they became too expensive
194
What is the Columbian exchange?
The exchange of animals plants diseases and people that resulted from contacts between Europeans and Amerindians
195
What main disease resulted from the Columbian exchange into the Americas?
Smallpox
196
What happened in the Caribbean as a result of the Columbian exchange?
Highly profitable sugarcane plantations were formed
197
Even the gold from central Mexico went straight into the Spanish monarchs treasury what metal from Peru became the global metal of exchange?
Silver
198
What regions established colonies in the Americas in the 1400s?
England France the Netherlands Spain and Portugal
199
What was the biggest economic contribution from the colonies during the Columbian exchange of upper north America?
Fish
200
Describe triangle trade.
Sugar rum and cod which is a type of fish we ship to Europe and exchange for silver. Silver was shipped to Africa and exchanged for slaves, which were sent to the Americas.
201
Describe mercantilism in the 1400s.
European monarchs used Rob materials from the colonies to manufacture products to sell globally. The idea was to have a positive balance of trade. Governments put taxes on imported products from rival nations.
202
Where did Islam spread between 1450 to 1750?
Into sub-Saharan regions and into east and south east Asia including parts of the Philippines
203
What trade surpassed Indian Ocean trade by the middle of the 15 to sixteen hundreds?
Atlantic world trade
204
What is an example of the introduction of new foods from the Americas into various regions around the world?
Corn in China
205
Who defeated the meeting and establish themselves as the new elite ruling class?
Manchus
206
Who formed the Qing Dynasty?
Manchu
207
In the 1600s who were the new ruling class in Latin America?
The Creole elites
208
What kind of social status where merchants seen as in China?
Low social status
209
What happened to Christianity in Latin America in the 16 and 1700s?
It adapted to fit local customs. In Mexico many Christians Saints took on the same responsibilities as the precolonial gods they replaced. In the Caribbean A mix of African religions and Christianity merged to produce voodoo.
210
What is the greatest global effect of the Catholic reformation?
The formation of the jesuits
211
How did the Jesuits impress the Chinese?
They brought mathematical and scientific information from Europe. This marked a turning point in global leadership and technology from east to west in this era.
212
What was the scientific revolutions long term effects on Western society?
It reduced peoples faith in divine explanations of life's mysteries. Even though the Christian church still had tons of followers Westerners still looked to science for society's challenges
213
In the Americas, when slaves were not readily available, who did the Europeans hire to do labor?
Indentured servant S
214
What did the Qing military do to end threat of any future invasions of the Mongols?
They conducted campaigns in Mongolia
215
What did the Qing allow from the peoples they conquered?
They didn't make them adopted Chinese practices and they were also tolerant of local faiths and customs
216
When did Russia's entry with the world affairs begin?
When Ivan the great ran off the last of the Mongol rulers in the late 15th century
217
What to major empires of the 16th century and did the era of the nomadic people and pastoralism?
China and Russia
218
What did Peter the Great and Catherine the great do for the Russian Empire?
They expanded its land holdings and sought to make it a modern nation along the lines of those in Western Europe at this time.
219
What new capital did Peter the Great establish for the Russian Empire?
St. Petersburg
220
By modernizing the military what did Catherine famously proclaim Russia to be?
A European nation
221
What is an absolute monarchy and what are examples of Nations/empires that used this?
All of the government's power resides in one ruler; Russia France and Spain
222
In 1689, during the glorious Revolution, what did England's system establish?
A constitutional monarchy
223
Who did the Ottomans defeat and 1453 when they took Constantinople?
The Byzantine Empire
224
Describe the devshirme system?
A system of the Ottoman Empire in which young boys became soldiers for the Turkish army and were recruits known as janissaries
225
In the mid-16th century how did Europeans take advantage of Japan?
They use Japan's feudal system and its lack of strong central government
226
How did Japan's policy of isolation from Europe and in the mid 19th century?
American ships arrived in Tokyo and forced to Japan to open markets
227
How was the Mughal Empire established in the early 16th century?
Muslims from Central Asia claimed to be descendants from the Mongol rulers Genghis con and established it
228
Who was the greatest ruler of the Mughal Empire?
Akbar
229
What are the gunpowder empires?
Ottoman, Tokugawa, Mughal
230
What was the Netherlands governments main focus?
Trade
231
How did the Aztec empire fall?
Increasingly angry conquered people who had to pay tributes and the arrival of Spanish conquistadors
232
The religions of the Aztecs and Incas believed that there emperors came from where?
Descendants of God's
233
Who owned all the land, food, and manufactured products of the Inca?
The Inca government
234
What was quipu?
Incan recording system
235
How did the Inca Empire fall in the 1530s?
Civil War broke out as well as smallpox which made the Empire susceptible to outside invasion
236
What was the Hagia Sophia?
A Christian church that was turned into a Muslim mosque in Constantinople/Istanbul that blended Greek orthodox and Islamic architecture
237
How did britain's enclosure movement become a cause of the Industrial Revolution?
It forces farmers of their land and they migrated to cities
238
What are three necessary factors for nation to industrialize?
Incentive materials and skilled labor
239
Describe the introduction of steel in the industrial revolution.
It was stronger lighter and more flexible than iron
240
What nation took after Britain's industrialization?
The U.S.
241
What did the United States complete in 1869?
The transContinental railroad
242
During Japan's industrialization what did they build?
Silk factories
243
During Russia's industrialization what was the governments primary focus?
Supporting the elite owners of large agricultural estates
244
Which nation was the slowest to industrialize; Japan Russia or the United States?
Russia
245
When Russia industrialized what did build that out did the US's transcontinental railroad?
The trans-Siberian Railway which pass the United States and having the world's longest railroad
246
In the mid to late 1700s who did England rule?
India (raj)
247
What was Africa's role in the world industrial Giants' industrialization?
They remained a provider of natural resources
248
As factories became more efficient what happened socially to human labor?
Women and children were left out of factory work
249
What new class arose in the industrial West?
Middle-class
250
When was the traditional family structure of the West created?
During the Industrial Revolution when women stayed home to take care of children
251
What were two of the world's first multinational businesses?
The British East India Company and Dutch East India Company
252
While the first industrial revolution focused on textile production and steam power, what did the second Industrial Revolution focus on?
Gasoline engines
253
What did all applications of the second Industrial Revolution mechanize for?
Warfare
254
What were inventions of the second Industrial Revolution related to?
Scientific discoveries, medicine, electrical systems
255
Inventions of the second Industrial Revolution in the 1850s included what?
The radio, the invention of the telegraph, electric trolley car, automobile, small pox and rabies vaccinations
256
What did Charles Darwins ideas appear in Europe and the United States?
during the second Industrial Revolution in the 1850s
257
In the 1880s the scramble for Africa began how?
Belgium grabbed and a Normas area in the heart of Africa called the Congo
258
in 1914 what two areas in Africa with the only independent nations?
Ethiopia and Liberia
259
Who won the seven years war?
England defeated France in 1763
260
Describe US imperialism in the 1800s.
Firstly purchased Louisiana from France in 1803, Texas, then Alaska in 1867, and then they annexed Hawaii
261
What did Germany do in the Berlin conference?
They wrangled several African territories and strategic moves to counter British gains in Africa
262
What did you panda you in the 1860s to its government?
It changed it using the Meiji restoration
263
What did Japan display in the Sino-Japanese war against China in the 1890s?
Their new Western-style Army
264
What happened at the Berlin conference?
Europeans peacefully divided Africa amongst themselves
265
Who was Cecil Rhodes ?
The best-known imperialist and British entrepreneur this business was in the gold and diamond mines south Africa
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What is a sepoy?
An Indian soldiers serving under European rule
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What was the open door policy?
It was proposed by the US and wasn't trading free-for-all in China; China's opinion about this didn't matter
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How did Africa react to the scramble for Africa?
They rebelled several times but eventually showed cooperation
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What were two highly anti-foreign rebellions in China?
The taiping rebellion and the Boxer Rebellion
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What were the long-term effects of the sepoy rebellion?
The Mughal dynasty ended and the British raj over India begin
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What is a republic?
A constitution, an elected legislature or representatives, no king (this was favored by enlightenment thinkers)
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By the 1830's the success of the Haitian revolution led to what?
A rise up of other Latin American colonies against Spanish ad Portuguese rule led by Simon bolivar
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Who was the most radical activist?
Karl Marx
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What happened to Russia in the 1820's?
A military coup promising a constitutional monarch failed
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What was the African nation with the greatest nationalists fever in the late 19th century?
Egypt
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What was the purpose of the Indian national Congress (late 1900's)?
To promote our United nationalist agenda with the aim of gaining independence from the British
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What was the Crimean war?
A 20th-century conflict between Russia and alliance of the Ottoman Empire France and Britain
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Describe the 1800's tanzimat reforms of the Ottoman government.
They were reforms in attempt to westernize the Ottoman Empire. They included a written constitution with guaranteed political and social rights of banking system railroad construction and more
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After 49 years of the tanzimat reforms being in place, why were they canceled?
Changes to the constitution called her limitations of the sultans power
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How did electricity in the 20th century alter homes and businesses?
It changed peoples sleeping patterns work patterns and consumer choices
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When and where for automobiles first introduced?
Germany in the late 19th century
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When was the first application of airplanes?
In World War I
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Who launched the first missile to orbit the earth and when?
The Soviet Union in the 1950s, the US soon followed because they were their rival
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What was the cold war?
War of Soviet Union and U.S. between the end of World War II and the demise of the Soviet Union; i.e. the years 1945 to 1991. This war was unlike other wars in that the two sides never clashed directly in battle.
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After the fall of communism in the Soviet Union in the early 1990s what happened to the US and Russia?
They became partners and space exploration with the jointly run international space station
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In the early 20th century what German mathematician contributed to the theory of relativity?
Albert Einstein
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Throughout World history what was the greatest factor in limiting life expectancy?
Infant mortality
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What happened to the global population during the 20th century?
It soared
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What did China do in the 20th century when the population was increasing rapidly?
They enabled the one child policy
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What country was really participate in the green revolution in the 1960s?
India
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What are two examples of popular hybrid crops?
Corn and wheat
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What did World War I introduce to the battlefield?
Mass production techniques including machine guns
293
The first truly global disease epidemic, the 1918 influenza pandemic, was caused by what?
World War I (partly a result)
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What was the second major pandemic of the 20th century?
HIV/AIDS
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After World War I famine struck what particular region?
Europe
296
Most of the 20 million deaths in the Russian Civil War were attributed to what?
Famine
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Even though the establishment of a leak in the shins after World War I promised many things what happened?
The hopes were short-lived
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What were the causes of World War I?
Imperialism nationalism arms race and the alliance system
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Describe the alliance system of World War I.
Russia England and France for the triple entente and Germany Italy and Austria hungry formed the triple alliance
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What event sparked World War I?
The assassination of the future Emperor of Austria Hungary in Bosnia
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Describe the short-term advantages that the Central Powers had at the start of World War I.
Geographically connected, Germany's army was very well trained very well equipped, the German industrial system was suited well for wartime production
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Describe the long-term advantages of the allies at the start of World War I.
They had more men of military age, and more factories, they had a stronger Navy
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What was an effect of European global colonization in World War I?
Soldiers were recruited from Africa and Asia to fight in the war
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Why did the US entered World War I on the allies side?
They wanted to make the world safe for democracy as claimed by President Woodrow Wilson
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What is an armistice?
An agreement that all sides will lay down their arms and leave the battlefield without declaring a winner or loser this is how World War I ended
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After World War I because it was supposed to 14 point plan which decide to stop what?
Future wars through a checklist of international agreements
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What treaty ended World War I?
Treaty of Versailles
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After World War I what did the allies required Germany to do?
Ditch its constitutional monarchy and set up a republic known as the Weimar Republic
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What happened to the colonies of Africa and the Middle East controlled by Germany after lost World War I?
They were reassigned by the leak in the shins to France and England. I should mandate system of rule over them
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Who was Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, alias Lenin was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician and political theorist. Wikipedia
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What were the causes of World War II?
The great depression, issues with the Treaty of Versailles
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What was an important economic cause of The Great Depression in the US?
Overproduction of good, particularly farm products
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What is fascism?
an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.
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What countries in the 1900's switched to fascism?
Italy, Germany, Japan
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Compare fascism to communism.
In both, the government attempted to control the economy, but in fascism, private ownership of businesses and property was allowed.
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Describe the 2 sets of alliance in WW2.
Allies- England, France, Poland, Western Europe (Other regions became involved later like the US)
Axis Powers- Germany, Italy, Japan
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WW1 used trench warfare while WW2 used fast moving fronts. What caused this change?
New technology improved machines
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What was the German blitzkrieg?
"Lightning War" It was used in WW2 and involved bombing from airplanes and swift advances from tanks and support vehicles
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What 2 significant events in 1941 turned the tide against Nazi Germany?
Hitler's surprise invasion of Russia went POORLY; also the US entered the war against the axis powers after Japan did Pearl Harbor
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What was the turning point of WW2 in Europe?
The allied invasion of Normandy (in France) in 1944
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What 2 bombings led to an abrupt stop in WW2?
US's atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
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What replaced the League of Nations after WW2?
The United Nations (UN)
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Name 2 examples in which UN forces were employed in combat?
The Korean War(1950-1953) and Persian Gulf War (1990-1991)
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After WW2 what happened European colonies in Africa?
They slowly gained independence one by one
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Who was Matthew Perry?
An American went to Japan to open trade markets
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What was the Cold War?
It occurred right after WW2 and was a fight for global superiority between The US (with some allies) against Communist USSR. It was a "cold' war because they didn't actually physically fight each other.
328
What was the Yalta Conference?
It was a main cause of the Cold War, the allies of of WW2 (US, USSR, and Britain) me on the Crimean Peninsula to redraw post war maps for Europe and Asia
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After WW2, in the Yalta Conference, the US replaced Japan's government with what?
a democratic constitutional monarchy
330
What was NATO?
An alliance led by the US with western European nations. It was designed to contain Soviet aggression in Europe
331
Describe the construction and purpose of the Berlin Wall?
The Berlin Wall (German: Berliner Mauer) was a barrier that divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989,[1] constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) starting on 13 August 1961, that completely cut off (by land) West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin until it was opened in November 1989.
332
Describe the Marshall Plan.
A plan of the US to limit expansion of communism and help its allies recover from the war, the US sent billions of dollars to Germany, England, and France
333
How did the USSR respond to NATO?
The formed the Warsaw Pact
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Who led the communist revolution of China in 1949?
Mao Zedong
335
Describe the Korean War.
North Korea invaded pro-South Korea and it was the first time UN forces were released to push out the aggressor. It ended in a resolution of new boundaries for the two.
336
What's another name for the Vietnam War?
The Vietnam War is the commonly used name for the Second Indochina War, 1954–1973.
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Describe the Vietnam War.
It is very similar to the Korean War; North Vietnam invaded the South. but it was because they wanted to unify it under communist rule
338
Describe the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962.
In the early 1960's, the USSR secretly placed missiles in communist Cuba. The US discovered these and brought them to the attention of the UN
339
What was the first major colony to gain independence after WW2 and was also the largest?
India
340
What did Mohandas Gandhi do after WW2?
Led nonviolent resistance to the British raj supported by the Indian national congress and Muslim league for India's independence which was successful
341
France was given independence after Indochina split into what 4 nations?
Lao, Cambodia, north and south Vietnam
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Who ruled the USSR after Vladimir Lennon died?
Joseph Stalin
343
What did Stalin focus on with the five-year plans?
Heavy industry like steel and concrete production
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What did Mikhali Gorbachev propose to do for the USSR in the mid 1980's?
He pledged to reform but not and the communist system for the USSR
345
After the Cold War what did Russia's government become?
A capitalist based democracy
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What event marks the end of thousands of years of dynastic rule in China?
In 1911 the Qing Dynasty was overthrown
347
Who promoted the Republic of China?
Sun yat-sen
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What was significant about Mao Zedong's government?
Granted full legal and voting rights to women which was a radical change from China's past
349
Who did China support in the Korean War?
North Korea
350
What was the great leap forward?
It was promoted by Mao and it promoted industrial up put over agricultural production
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What was the results of the great leap forward?
In agrarian catastrophic that led to the death by starvation for his many as 20 million people. And mao's response to this disaster was to blame outside capitalist influences
352
Describe the culture of Iran after the cold war.
It allowed women to vote and western culture education was encouraged. The shah which was a western backed emperor was put into power
353
Describe the world trade organization. (WTO)
It replace the General agreement on tariffs and trade (GATT) which promoted international free-trade
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What was the European Union?
It was formed the 1950s by six Western European nations that wanted to lower trade barriers and create a common market tell compete against the giant US economy that emerged after World War II
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What was the North American Free Trade Agreement?
It was formed by the US Mexico and Canada in response to the success of the European Union
356
What is Red Cross?
It was founded in England in the mid-19th century it is a private organization that works with government agencies around the world
357
What is the world health organization?
It's the United Nations agency committed to combating infectious disease is promoting the general health of all citizens of the world
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What is UNICEF?
United Nations agency that works for children's rights of their survival development of protection around the globe
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What were the Nuremberg trials?
A series of trials held in 1945 by the allies against Nazi war criminal's for crimes against humanity
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What is the Universal declaration of human rights?
It was founded by the United Nations in 1948 the given rights such as freedom of speech and religion. However not all United Nations nations signed the declaration
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What is ecumenism?
Cooperation between faiths (proposed in the 1960s by the Catholic Church)
