chem h unit 4

Question 0

Periods

Answer 0

Horizontal rows of elements, numbered 1-7

Question 1

Groups

Answer 1

Also called families, elements in vertical columns, have similar properties, labeled 1A-8A or 1B-8B

Question 2

Block at the bottom of the periodic table

Answer 2

Removed from the periodic table to make it more condensed

Question 3

Metals

Answer 3

Most elements are metals, luster, conduct heat and electricity, solid at room temperature, malleable and ductile

Question 4

Nonmetals

Answer 4

Opposite of metals, no luster, poor conductors of heat and electricity, not malleable or ductile, solid liquid or gas, physical properties vary greatly

Question 5

Metalloids

Answer 5

Can have properties of metals or nonmetals or a combinations of both

Question 6

Alkali metals

Answer 6

Very reactive, 1A, because of this they’re compounds with other elements, reactive, Na in salt and Li in batteries

Question 7

Alkaline earth metals

Answer 7

2A highly reactive but not as much as akali metals, Ca and Mg good for health

Question 8

Halogens

Answer 8

7A, 5 elements, highly reactive, compounds with these are called salts, exist at room temperature in three states, bromine is a liquid, f and cl is gas, iodine and astatine is a solid

Question 9

Noble gases

Answer 9

6 elements, 8a, called inert until the 1960s bc outer shells percent from readily forming compounds, stable,

Question 10

Inner transition metals

Answer 10

2 blocks, 30 elements, most are man made

Question 11

Valence electrons

Answer 11

●These are the electrons on the outermost ring. They are available for bonding.
●They can be found by counting the columns on the Periodic Table.
●EX: P in group 5A = 5 valence electrons

Question 12

Lewis Dot Structures

●

Answer 12

Simple way to show the valence electrons.
–There are four spots to place electrons in these dot structures- top, bottom, left and right.
–Remember the most valence electrons an element or ion can have is 8.
–Don’t pair up the electrons until they have to.

Question 13

Common ion

Answer 13

In order to be stable, all elements want an electron configuration of a noble gas

Question 14

Atomic Radius

Answer 14

the distance from the center of an atom’s nucleus to its outermost electron

Question 15

•Atoms get larger as you move down a group

Answer 15

WHY? As you move down a group, the valence electrons are on higher principle energy levels which are further from the nucleus

Question 16

Atoms get smaller as you move from left to right across a period

Answer 16

WHY? As you move from left to right across a period there are more protons pulling the electrons in more closely causing it to be smaller

Question 17

•If your trends contradict each other, always use the

Answer 17

PRINCIPLE ENERGY LEVEL TO DECIDE!!!

Question 18

Ion radius

Answer 18

The distance between the nucleus of an ion to its outermost electron

Question 19

Cations will always be smaller than parent atoms

Answer 19

●Many times when electrons are lost by an atom it loses enough to empty the outermost energy level
●If the valence electrons are still on the same energy level, losing electrons decreases the electron-electron repulsion allowing the ion to get smaller

Question 20

Anions will be larger than their parent atoms

Answer 20

When electrons are added to an atom, there is an increase in the electron-electron repulsion causing the atoms’ radius to expand

Question 21

More protons

Answer 21

Smaller atom

Question 22

More electrons

Answer 22

Larger atom

Question 23

Ionization energy

Answer 23

The energy needed to remove the outermost electron of an atom

Question 24

Ionization energy is a reflection

Answer 24

How strongly an atom is holding into its outermost electrons

Question 25

High IE

Answer 25

Holds strongly

Question 26

Low IE

Answer 26

Holds loosely

Question 27

Bigger talons have

Answer 27

Smaller IEs

Question 28

Smaller atoms have

Answer 28

Bigger IEs

Question 29

Ionization energy decreases as you love down a group

Answer 29

Why? As you move down a group, the atom gets bigger. The further away the electrons are from the nucleus, the easier they are to remove because the nucleus does not have as much control on them.

Question 30

Ionization energy increases as you move left to right across a period

Answer 30

Why? As you move across a period, the atoms are getting smaller. The smaller the atom, the closer the electrons are to the nucleus. Electrons that are close to the nucleus are held onto tighter.

Question 31

Electron affinity

Answer 31

The energy change when and atom gains an electron. | How much an atom likes to gain electrons

Question 32

Atoms of a high attraction for electrons will have more ___ values

Answer 32

Negative

Question 33

Which group had the largest EA?

Answer 33

Halogens

Question 34

Noble gasses have _____ EA

Answer 34

Positive

Question 35

Octet rule

Answer 35

Atoms want to gain, lose, or share electrons to get 8 electrons in the valence energy level

Question 36

Octet rule exception

Answer 36

H and He only need 2

Question 37

Who has the lowest electron affinities?

Answer 37

Noble gases bc they're positive values

Question 38

Metals vs nonmetals electron affinities

Answer 38

Nonmetals=higher bc they have more negative values than metals

Question 39

When comparing two nonmetals, the one _____ has higher EA

Answer 39

Closest to the noble gas (if in the same group the smaller one)

Question 40

Electronegativity

Answer 40

An atom's ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond

Question 41

Does a high EN attract electrons well?

Answer 41

Yes

Question 42

En decreases as you move down a group

Answer 42

As you move down, valence electrons get further form the nucleus, giving the nucleus littler control over theme

Question 43

En increases as you move from left to right in a period

Answer 43

As you move to the right, the # of protons increases! pulling the electrons closer with more attraction

Question 44

The smaller the EN

Answer 44

The larger the atom size

Question 45

What type of ie and en do large atoms have?

Answer 45

Low

Question 46

What time of en and ie do small atoms have?

Answer 46

High