Biology Unit 4

Question 0

G1

Answer 0

Growth and normal metabolic functions

Question 1

What are in interphase?

Answer 1

G1 S and G2

Question 2

S (synthesis)

Answer 2

DNA replication

Question 3

G2

Answer 3

More growth, energy storage to prepare for division

Question 4

Is mitosis in interphase?

Answer 4

No

Question 5

Prophase

Answer 5

Chromatid (original DNA) + copy condenses and 2 centrioles move to opposite ends and nuclear envelope and nucleolus break up

Question 6

Metaphase

Answer 6

Spindle fibers attach to original and copied DNA and all chromosomes

Question 7

Anaphase

Answer 7

Sister chromatids separate and move oppositely along spindle fibers

Question 8

Telophase

Answer 8

2 cells pinch

Question 9

Cytokinesis

Answer 9

Rest of cell divides (organelles and cytoplasm)

Question 10

Chromatin

Answer 10

Relaxed form of DNA in interphase. When condensed it turns into chromosomes

Question 11

Chromatid

Answer 11

A copy of DNA (half of chromosome)

Question 12

Chromosome

Answer 12

Duplicated or un duplicated condensed DNA

Question 13

DNA

Answer 13

Gives instructions how to build proteins to express traits

Question 14

What is the organization of DNA .from smallest to largest?

Answer 14

DNA-Genes-Chromosomes

Question 15

Genes

Answer 15

A series of nucleotide or a segment of DNA

Question 16

How many chromosomes or humans have?

Answer 16

23

Question 17

Gametes

Answer 17

Sex cells containing 1/2 the genetic info that somatic cells have

Question 18

What are the goals of meiosis

Answer 18

Create diversity within chromosomes and reduce the number of chromosomes of the cell to half of the parent cell

Question 19

When does interphase occur in meiosis

Answer 19

Before meiosis 1

Question 20

Both meiosis 1 and 2 have…

Answer 20

Cytokinesis

Question 21

What happens in prophase 1 of meiosis?

Answer 21

2 copied chromosomes come in contact and form a tetrad

Question 22

Tetrad

Answer 22

Homologous (code for a trait) and are from mom and dad

Question 23

4 haploid cells in males=

Answer 23

Sperm

Question 24

1 haploid in females=

Answer 24

Egg that takes the cytoplasm and organelles of polar bodies

Question 25

Crossing over

Answer 25

2 chromosome pairs touch and exchange genes

Question 26

DNA is...

Answer 26

Essential to life on earth, medical benefits (cures), better food crops

Question 27

Diploid

Answer 27

2 copies of chromosomes

Question 28

DNA is found...

Answer 28

In the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplast

Question 29

Nucleotides are bonded...

Answer 29

By covalent bonds

Question 30

When does DNA replicate?

Answer 30

S

Question 31

What does it mean if something ends in -ase?

Answer 31

It's an enzyme

Question 32

What are the 2 types of bonds in DNA and which is easier to break?

Answer 32

Nitrogen and covalent and nitrogen is

Question 33

What 2 scientists was DNA replication determined by?

Answer 33

Meselson and Stahl

Question 34

What are the 4 steps of DNA replication?

Answer 34

1. Unwind the double helix and break the nitrogenous bond 2. Stabilize open strands using histones 3. Copy the DNA by adding complementary nucleotides (DNA Polymerase) 4. Check for errors (DNA Ligase)

Question 35

What are histones?

Answer 35

Spooling proteins use the DNA replication

Question 36

What is 5' and 3'

Answer 36

5' is phosphate - and 3' is sugar +

Question 37

Which strand is the leading strand?

Answer 37

The strand that starts with the 3'

Question 38

Which strand is the lagging strand?

Answer 38

The one that starts with 5'

Question 39

DNA Polymerase

Answer 39

An enzyme used in the third step or DNA replication to copy the DNA and add complementary nucleotides

Question 40

DNA Ligase

Answer 40

Check for errors in DNA replication

Question 41

12 stages of meiosis

Answer 41

Interphase prophase 1 metaphase 1 anaphase 1 telophase 1 cytokinesis 1 interkinesis prophase 2 metaphase 2 anaphase 2 telophase 2 cytokinesis 2

Question 42

2 products of meiosis

Answer 42

Sperm and egg

Question 43

Shape of DNA

Answer 43

Double helix

Question 44

Sides of later are composed of...

Answer 44

Sugar and phosphate

Question 45

Rungs of ladder are composed of...

Answer 45

Nitrogenous bases

Question 46

What does RNA carry?

Answer 46

DNA code

Question 47

What things control the cell cycle

Answer 47

Enzymes

Question 48

Where are proteins made?

Answer 48

Ribosomes

Question 49

Who are the scientists?

Answer 49

Chargaff, Meselson, Stahl, Watson, Crick, Franklin