chem h acids and bases unit Flashcards
(26 cards)
Molarity formula
Moles solute/L solution
Molarity
How concentrated a solution is based on moles of solute (Measured in M)
Molality
States concentration in terms of relationship between solute and solvent (unit m)
Molality formula
Moles solute/kg solvent
Mole fraction
Shows concentration by relating moles of solute and moles of solvent to moles of the whole solution
Mole fraction formula
Moles of substance/total moles
Acid (according to Arrhenius)
A substance that disassociates in water to produce H+ ions
Base (according to Arrhenius)
A substance that dissociates in water to produce OH- ions
Properties of acids
Sour/tart taste, stings open wounds, reacts vigorously with metals, good conductor of electricity because it contains ions
Properties of bases
Bitter taste, feels slippery, doesn’t react with most metals, good conductor of electricity because it contains ions
Indicator
Substance that changes one color in an acid and a different color in a base
Ex of indicators
Phenolphthalein
Clear in acid and pink in base
Litmus Paper
Red in acid and blue in base
Neutralization reaction
Reaction between and acid and base that reproduce a salt and water
H+ are just
Protons
H+=?
H3O+
Since H+ don’t want to be alone they
Attach to H2O molecules forming H3O
Solution
Homogenous mixture of two or more pure substances
Solute
Substance being dissolved
Solvent
Substance doing the dissolving (like water)
Strong acids
Hydrochloride acid HCl Hydro remind acid HBr Hyrdoiodic acid HI Sulfuric acid H2SO4 Nitric acid HNO3 Chloric acid HClO3 Perchloric acid HClO
Strong Bases
Lithium Hydroxide LiOH Sodium hydroxide NaOH Potassium hydroxide KOH Rubidium hydroxide RbOH Cesium hydroxide CsOH Francium Hydroxide FrOH Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Strontium hydroxide Sr(OH)2 Barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2 Radium hydroxide Ra(OH)2
Titration calculation
Balance equation
Find moles
Covert mole to mole
Solve for Molarity
pH=
-logH+
pOH
-logOH-
