APLAC Toulmin

Question 0

What Are the 6 parts to an argument

Answer 0

Evidence, warrant, qualifier, rebuttal, claim, backing

Question 1

Toulmin’s method became a popular model to…

Answer 1

Analyzing public discourse, criticizing public argument, and serving as an effective teaching tool for speech and debate

Question 2

What are the 4 types of claims?

Answer 2

Fact, definition, value, policy

Question 3

3 parts of the toulmin model? Describe them.

Answer 3

Backing- justification for the warrant
Rebuttal/Reservation- exceptions to the claim; description and rebuttal of counter examples and counter arguments
Qualifier- states ho paw sure the argues is about his or her claim

Question 4

What are the 3 ADDITIONAL parts of the toulmin model?

Answer 4

Assumptions- what you might assume when writing an argument
*Counter examples- general
*Counter arguments- specific
Implications- thinking big picture

Question 5

Two types of warrants

Answer 5

Inductive and deductive

Question 6

Deductive warrants

Answer 6

Conditional- if…then…
Disjunctive- either…or…
Syllogism- 3 terms (subject, predicate, middle term), 2 premises and a conclusion

Question 7

Inductive Warrants

Answer 7

Casual- reasons from a cause to effect to link the grounds and the claim
Generalization- reasons from a small sample to a larger amount to link the ground and the claim
Analogy-reasons from similar authority to link grounds and the claims
Sign- reasons from an indication to link the fog rounds and the claims

Question 8

Inductive reasoning uses what approach?

Answer 8

Bottoms up (observation to power to hypotheses to theory)

Question 9

Deductive uses what approach?

Answer 9

Top down, theory hypotheses observation confirmation

Question 10

Inductive vs deductive reasoning

Answer 10

Inductive reasoning- moving from the specific to the general
Deductive reasoning- opposite

Question 11

Why is having a rebuttal important?

Answer 11

1) it shows you are aware of your surroundings it makes you seem fair (ethos)
2) shows your intelligence that you’ve thought about the opposing side
3) clarifies your position

Question 12

3 rebuttal approaches

Answer 12

Strategic concessions-acknowledgement of some of the merits of a different view
Refutation- showing weaknesses and shortcomings in the opponent’s position
Demonstration of irrelevance- showing the opposite view doesn’t meet the criteria of relevance