Chapter 1 Flashcards
0
Q
Mayans were in central Mexico in
A
300-900
1
Q
When did Mesoamerican tribes start using agriculture?
A
5000 B.C, sustained more people
2
Q
The Mayan math was more accurate than
A
European math
3
Q
Mayans dissipated after
A
Huge drought
4
Q
The Indians of the pacific nw were
A
Fishermen and woodworkers
5
Q
Expansion of Europe was caused by
A
New tech and age of discovery
6
Q
Columbus was born in
A
Italy to a wool weaver
7
Q
Wanted to sail west because of his
A
Experience on working on ships as a apprentice
8
Q
Why did the Siberians drift south?
A
Pursuit of large sum animals
9
Q
Recent studies show that prehistoric humans from Asia crossed the Atlantic Ocean
A
From SW Europe
10
Q
How many languages were there?
A
400
11
Q
Contrary to popular beliefs, NAs often
A
Engaged in warfare
12
Q
The ancient Indians were able to domesticate the
A
Dog and the turkey
13
Q
What were the Aztecs originally?
A
Nomadic people with a more organized culture
14
Q
Aztecs were people of
A
Aztlan, Mexican
15
Q
What were Chinampas?
A
Stuffed a bunch of mud into one source so that they could expand.
16
Q
Aztecs had a very powerful
A
Military
17
Q
Made alliances by
A
Intimidating
18
Q
What was the god of sun/war?
A
Hultzilopochtl
19
Q
Who was the creator/hero of the Aztecs?
A
Quetzalcoatl
20
Q
Who was the god of rain and fertility?
A
Tlaloc
21
Q
Cocoa was turned into
A
An upperclass beverage
22
Q
What were the flower wars?
A
Scrimmage with their allies to intimidate enemies
23
Q
Aztec believed that a piece of the sun,
A
Made the heart beat
24
To control colonies the Spanish pit up
Missions
25
What did Martin Luther believe in?
That there was no need for a priest to achieve salvation.
26
The Adena Hopewell left behind
Enormous earthwork and hundreds of elaborate burial mounds shaped like animals
27
The Adena Hopewell were
Hunters
28
The AH used intricate kinship network to
establish social and spiritual alliances
29
AH also had
Elaborate trade network
30
The Mississippian culture flourished between
900 and 1350
31
MC built substantial towns around
Central plazas and temples
32
MC also had a
Specialized government
33
Mc were also great in
Agriculture
34
Built regional centers in SW, like
Cahokia
35
Cahokia hosted 100s of people in
3.000 acres
36
MC disperse see in
1400
37
Anasazi meant
Enemy's ancestors
38
The Anasazi society lacked
A rigid class structure
39
The Anasazi dispersed after
Migrating Indians of the north threatened the survival of the Anasazi society
40
The Eastern woodlanders were distinguished by their language:
The Algonquain, the Iroquoian, and the Muskogean
41
Columbus was born in
Genoa, Italy
42
Why did Columbus want to sail to the Indies?
By the prospect of gaining Asian riches.
43
Persuaded Ferdinand and Isabella to award
Him a tenth share of his riches
44
He naked the island off the Bahamas he first encountered
San Salvador
45
In Hispaniola, he was introduced to
The amount of gold jewelry and tobacco.
46
The news of Columbus's voyage spread quickly because of the
Printing press
47
Columbus and his men would defy the order of
Treating the Indians friendly.
48
The Treaty of Tordesillas drew a line
Off the Cape Verde islands, which Spanish got the west (except Brazil) and Portugal got the east
49
In the second voyage, there were many
Catholic priests on board
50
Amerigo Vespucci is said to have said that
America was a new continent
51
Three foods see unknown to Europe:
Maize, potatoes, and beans
52
Europeans introduced which foods?
Rice, wheat, barley, oats, melons, and many others
53
The foods were more
Complementary than competetitve
54
The new foods in turn helped bring the
Surplus of people who colonized from the new world
55
What was the most powerful empire in the world during the 16th century?
Spain because of its colonies in Europe, America, Africa,mans trading posts in Asia
56
Benefits of the empire came into the expense of the
Indians
57
The Caribbean Sea served as
A funnel which Spanish power entered the Americas
58
Indians died because of
Well armed soldiers and germs
59
The often violent encounter between the Spaniards and Indians involved
Contrasting forms of technological development
60
Arrows and Tomohawks were seldom a match for
Guns cannons and smallpox
61
Horses provided
Greater speed in battle and introduce a psychological advantage
62
To prevent any men from deserting
Cortes burned all but one ship
63
The Aztecs were once a
Nomadic people who had wandered south from northern Mexico
64
Lake Tetzcoco is where they built
Tenochtitlán
65
Aztec gods were aligned with
Natural forces (zesty, sea, water, find, and fire)
66
Why was the invasion necessary for Cortés?
Because gold was the only thing that could cure his disease (greed)
67
Montezuma was stoned to death because he was a traitor and the Aztecs
Attacked the Spaniards
68
Cortés troops included
Cubans and thousands of Indians eager to beat the Aztecs
69
Cortés killed off the Aztecs because he
Killed them by cutting access to water and letting smallpox to come through
70
What is an encomienda?
Favored officers became privileged landowners who controlled Indian villages.
71
Encomenderos?
Called upon to take care of the villages and support missionary priests. In turn, Indians provided labor
72
Population change in Indians in 1600s was
50 million to 4 million
73
The encomienda gave way to
Hacienda (a great farm or ranch) as this became a more important source of wealth
74
The Spanish regulated
Every detail of colonial administration
75
Unlike England or France,
Spain forget an intense national unity.
76
The influx of gold and silver from the new world financed
The growth of the Spanish army as well as causing inflation throughout Europe
77
Who made the earliest exploration known in Florida?
Juan Ponce de León
78
What did Hernando de Soto do?
He hiked from Florida's west coast to the Arkansas River, looting and destroying Indian villages
79
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado?
Inspired by rumors of gold, traveled from New Mexico to Kansas. Found nothing but has a better understanding of the land
80
The Spanish established Spanish provinces as
Defensive buffers, not commercial enterprises
81
French Protestants established
France's first colony on the coast of SC and FL
82
After ten years a mission would be
Secularized: its lands would be divided among the converted Indians, the mission chapel would become a church, and e inhabitants would be given Spanish citizenship
83
First center of mission activity was
New Mexico
84
Juan de Oñate did what?
Took possession of New Mexico, established Santa Fe, and set out expeditions for gold and silver products
85
In 1598 what did the pueblos do?
They revolted by lost. The survivors (male and over 25) had their foot cut out, to scare the Indians to behave. Children were forced to take care of a Franciscan mission
86
Spanish moves the capital to
Santa Fe in 1608
87
What did Popé do?
Led the second pueblo revolt in 1680 and destroyed all relics of Christianity. Took 14 years to reestablish New Mexico
88
Horses did what?
Made them travel faster, they were stronger, competed with bison for food
89
What did the central life center on?
The Catholic Church
90
Why was the reformation?
It was when Protestants challenged the supremacy of the Roman Catholic Church. It started when Martin Luther put on a door of a church the 95 theses in protest against corrupt catholic officials
91
Luther argued that if you attained God's salvation
By receiving God's grace through the redemptive power of Christ and through a personal relationship with God
92
Luther was expelled from the church and as a result q
Religious conflicts erupted, until the price of a nation could determined the religion of hai subjects. Most converted to Lutherism
93
Who was Giovanni de Verrazano?
Sent by the French king to look for the passage to Asia. Went all the way to Maine. His second voyage, he died because of the inhabitants
94
Jacques Cartier?
Explored Gulf of St. Lawrence, and St. Lawrence River, went as far as Montreal, and established a short lived colony in Quebec
95
French then lost
Interest in Canada
96
Spain did not accept Dutch independence until
1648
97
What was the Armada!
Armada was going to attack England (sent by Phillip II), but was defeated by England's smaller and more agile ships.
98
Defeat of the Spanish Armada?
Marked the beginning of England's naval supremacy and cleared the way for English colonization in America
99
Sir Humphrey Gilbert tried to colonize parts of Canada for England
But got logs and was never seen again
100
Sir Walter Raleigh
Discovered Roanoke Island, outer banks of NC.
101
John White sent
About one hundred colonists to the new land
102
When White returned
The village was abandoned. Most likely to a horrible drought because it was extremely dry.
