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APUSH > Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Flashcards

0
Q

Who was Mark Twain?

A

wrote the Gilded age about corrupt politicians.

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1
Q

The most important feature of Gilded Age Politics

A

Localism

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2
Q

Who was Charles Dudley Warner?

A

wrote the gilded age about corrupt politicians

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3
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A

said there were no leaders, principles or parties

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4
Q

Gilded Age?

A

post civil war 19th century. Local politics and small federal govt. It means that on the outside it looked good, but on the inside of the gilded age there was corruption and madness.

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5
Q

Rings?

A

small groups of powerful political insiders who controlled politics in a region

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6
Q

Bosses

A

the leader of the ring who mediated disputes, helped the needy and distributed patronage

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7
Q

Patronage?

A

giving jobs to the people who help your party get elected.

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8
Q

Factors of National Politics distinctive texture

A
  1. Party Loyalty
  2. Close division of parties - avoided controversial issues
  3. Widespread political participation
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9
Q

Party Loyalty

A

often an emotional thing, spans generations and spans different ethnicities

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10
Q

Waved the bloody shirt

A

republicans reminding people the democrats caused the civil war & republicans saved the union

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11
Q

Republicans vs. Democrats - platforms, members, religions, economic differences, regions?

A

Republicans rule the northeast and Midwest with Protestants, British descendants, African Americans and Union Veterans with nativist policies. Democrats consist of jews, free-thinkers, Catholics, southern whites, immigrants, and people repelled by the “party of morality”

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12
Q

Carry Nation

A

lead the Women’s Christian Temperance Union. Attacked saloons with a hatchet

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13
Q

Temperance

A

a republican issue; they hated the immigrants and the crime and corruption that came with saloons.

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14
Q

1869-1913 Republican dominated whitehouse

A

Grant through Taft (minus 2

nonconsecutive terms for Cleveland). Usual split between Republican and Democrat.

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15
Q

Rest of national politics extremely even

A

16 republican, 14 democrat states, Swing states

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16
Q

No presidents between Lincoln and Roosevelt could be considered “strong”

A

No parties dominated Congress

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17
Q

John Sherman

A

John Sherman—said legislative branch should dominate executive (Ohio Senator)

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18
Q

James Blaine of Maine

A

received bribes from an Arkansas railroad after helping it receive a govt. grant

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19
Q

Spoils?

A

“spoils”—giving jobs to members of your party after you win

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20
Q

Patronage?

A

basically the same as the spoils system. This was more like giving jobs to the people that voted for you. Not giving them federal spots, but just industrial work.

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21
Q

George Washington Plunkitt

A

can’t keep an organization together without patronage

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22
Q

Struggle for honesty in politics

A

Hayes wants to bring honesty to pres.

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23
Q

Stalwarts

A

supported Grant, radical reconstruction and spoils system

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24
Q

Half Breeds

A

half-way supporting Grant and reforming spoils system

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25
Q

Merit system

A

govt. jobs awarded by written tests; already in Europe

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26
Q

Roscoe Conkling

A

leader of the Stalwarts

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27
Q

Economic issues

A

Railroad strike and silver coinage. Farmers wanted regulation of railroads for lower prices and also unlimited silver coinage so that they could pay off their debts in this lifetime.

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28
Q

Bland Allison Act

A

increase in silver coins; Hayes vetoes congress overrides

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29
Q

James Garfield

A

dark horse Republican nominee.

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30
Q

Chester Arthur

A

Republican Vice President; a stalwart

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31
Q

Winfield Scott Hancock

A

Union general and Confederate candidate

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32
Q

Result

A

Result—Garfield barely won but had large electoral college margin

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33
Q

Charles Guiteau

A

deranged stalwart who assassinated Garfield.

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34
Q

George H Pendeleton

A

created Civil Service reform act

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35
Q

Civil Service Reform Act

A

made a certain % of fed. Jobs merit based, with a three-member federal service commission. Finally a stop to the spoils system in New York

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36
Q

Campaign of 1884?

A

Blaine loses to Democrat Grover Cleveland. Blaine loses because of many scandals and corruption.

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37
Q

James Blaine

A

long time leader of half-breeds who wins nomination

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38
Q

Mulligan Letters

A

letters that made public Blaine’s corruption and alignment w/railroads. Never proved in court but were powerful tools

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39
Q

Goo-Goos

A

“good government” reform-minded republicans who refused to back Blaine after the Mulligan Letters

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40
Q

Mugwumps

A

Algonian word for “self-important chieftain.” They were elite republicans dedicated to public welfare and centered in large Northeast cities & universities. Opposed tariffs, railroad regulation and inflation

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41
Q

Tammany Hall

A

ring of corruption that Grover Cleveland fought

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42
Q

Blaine’s campaign blunders

A

Blaine’s two campaign blunders—dining with financial bigwigs to gain monetary support and letting slide an anti-Catholic remark by a republican (Blain had always had Irish and Catholic support)

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43
Q

Cleveland and the Special Interests

A

democrat who fought corruption and was against federal favor to big business. Vetoed bill giving Texas farmers seeds.

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44
Q

Pacific Railroad vs. Illinois

A

Supreme Court ruled no state regulation of railroads

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45
Q

ICC?

A

Interstate Commerce Commission to federally regulate railroads supported by Cleveland. The powers proved weak in court because of vague wording

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46
Q

Tensions over the tariff

A

big business likes tariffs, Cleveland doesn’t

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47
Q

Election of 1888

A

Harrison wins bc business backed his pro-tariff policy

48
Q

GOP

A

“Grand Old Party”, stressed Republican’s longevity

49
Q

Benjamin Harrison

A

Benjamin Harrison—war veteran from Indiana that won pres. Did not have much experience in public office, but still was elected.

50
Q

Dependent Pension Act

A

Dependent Pension Act—doubled amount of union war veterans receiving govt. pensions

51
Q

Sherman Antitrust Act

A

Sherman Antitrust Act—an act to limit trusts. Was supposed to disable many of the monopolies such as Standard oil, but it ended up not hurting many of the companies. Only 18 lawsuits occurred and four of them were against labor unions.

52
Q

Sherman Silver Purchase Act

A

allowed for a little coinage of silver. Did not end up working well.

53
Q

McKinley Tariff Act

A

made tariffs higher than ever before

54
Q

John Sherman

A

Inspired anti trust act

55
Q

Greenback Party

A

Greenback Party—a party formed by farmers to try to get more money issued

56
Q

Populists

A

Populists—an economic party of small farmers to help get more $ printed

57
Q

Economic Conditions

A

crop prices plummet, farmers in increasing debts. Droughts and Blizzards contribute to this depression. Farmers blame it on Eastern bankers and railroad barons.

58
Q

Railroads and food processors

A

considered prime villains because railroads charged high rates. Farmers blamed them because they were the ones dealing with the food they produced and not giving them their earn of money.

59
Q

Effect on High Tariffs on farmers

A

US manufacturers could rise prices of goods that the farmers relied on

60
Q

Farm debt

A

Farm debt—debt increased and so they overproduced and prices declined

61
Q

Oliver H Kelly

A

sent by dept. of Agr. Who founded the National Grange of Patrons of Husbandry

62
Q

The Nation Grange thing

A

spurred a social and educational response to farmers’ isolation. Tried to lower prices by railroads and warehouses

63
Q

Granger Laws

A

ineffective but laid foundation for later laws.

64
Q

Munn v Illinois

A

supreme court ruled the state had the right to regulate property that was clothed in a public interest.

65
Q

Granger Movement

A

the movement to pass granger laws and lower prices of railroads and warehouses

66
Q

How are members different from Grange members

A

they’re not as prosperous

67
Q

Texas Farmers Alliance

A

black movement w/white leaders, focused on economic, not social, equality

68
Q

Blizzard of 1887?

A

killed most of the cattle and hogs on the northern plains

69
Q

People’s Independent Party

A

started in Kansas after a drought

70
Q

Populist Party

A

People’s (populist) Party—Kansas party that elected a governor, grew into a large part helping the poor against the greedy rich

71
Q

Mary Elizabeth Lease

A

a great orator who championed more silver in the Populists Party. She said to try to acquire change through the polls, but if that didn’t work, then with bayonets

72
Q

The Alliance

A

The Alliance—a group in the South that forced democrats to nominate candidates pledged to their program

73
Q

Thomas E Watson

A

Thomas E Watson—leader of the alliance who urged blacks to join the cause

74
Q

Populist platform

A

unlimited coinage of silver, graduated income tax, federal regulation of railroads, no immigrants owning land w/out citizenship and 8-hour days

75
Q

Grover Cleveland

A

Grover Cleveland—democratic candidate who won the election

76
Q

James Weaver

A

Populist candidate for presidency

77
Q

Depression of 1893?

A

The Depression of 1893—overextended railroads and banks started to fail, may unskilled laborers lost their jobs. Lots of foreclosing on farms

78
Q

Reading Railroad

A

Reading Railroad—Railroad that failed to start the depression

79
Q

Sherman Silver Purchase Act

A

Sherman Silver Purchase act—repealed by Cleveland to return to gold standard

80
Q

Solid South

A

“The Solid South”—South would always vote democrat

81
Q

Grover Cleveland

A

Grover Cleveland—democrats think he’s a traitor for repealing silver act

82
Q

Free Silver

A

“Free Silver”—unlimited coinage of silver, the Populist party’s way to power

83
Q

William McKinley

A

William Mckinley—republican nominee who supported the Gold Standard

84
Q

William Day

A

William Day—money will decide the election

85
Q

William Jennings Bryant

A

William Jenning Bryan—gave the famous cross of gold speech and won the democratic nomination

86
Q

Do nothing

A

“Do Nothing”— Cleveland did nothing to help farmers in the depression

87
Q

Dark Horse

A

Dark Horse”—Bryant was not expected to win the nomination

88
Q

“financial magnates”—

A

eastern business leaders who constricted the money supply to insure high interest rates for mortgages and loans

89
Q

Senator John Palmer

A

Senator John Palmer—pro-Cleveland/pro-gold democrats left the convention and nominated him after Bryan won the democratic nomination

90
Q

Thomas E Watson

A

Thomas E Watson—Populist party’s vice president nominee

91
Q

Marcus Hanna

A

Marcus “Mark” Hana—Mckinley’s campaign manager who called Bryan a popocrat

92
Q

Popocrat

A

“Popocrat”—a name for Bryan calling him a “communistic spirit” who would ruin the capitalist system and start a class war

93
Q

Theodore Roosevelt

A

Theodore Roosevelt—didn’t want Bryan to become president. Thought he unlimited coinage of silver was unrealistic.

94
Q

Full Dinner Pail

A

Full Dinner Pail”—Mckinley and his group of touring speakers promised this for every working man

95
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

Jim Crow Laws—laws mandating separation of races in certain areas

96
Q

Thomas D rice

A

Thomas D Rice—performed the Jump Jim Crow dance in blackface

97
Q

Populism and African Americans

A

Populism and African Americans—white populists courted black voters, lead to whites taking over voting booths again

98
Q

Poll Tax

A

Poll Tax—a tax needed to pay to vote, kept blacks from voting

99
Q

Benjamin Tillman

A

Benjamin Tillman—white supremacist governor of SC who ousted the bourbons by eliminating the black vote

100
Q

Mississippi Plan

A

Mississippi Plan—new constitution in Mississippi that limited black voting by a clause that only people in the state/district for 2/1years could vote (ousting black tenant farmers which moved a lot),unqualified for voting if convicted of crimes that black disproportionately committed, a tax to be paid to vote and literacy

101
Q

Grandfather clause

A

grandfather clause—Louisiana made illiterates able to vote if your father or grandfather could vote on Jan. 1, 1867 (when blacks couldn’t vote)

102
Q

George Washington Cable

A

George Washington Cable—said blacks rode first class on rail cars in SC

103
Q

Areas of segregation

A

Areas of segregation—public place in the south. Usually hotels, schools, restaurants, and especially trains.

104
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1875

A

Civil Rights Act of 1875—ruled unconstitutional because people and business can segregate, just not states

105
Q

Plessy vs Ferguson

A

Plessy vs. Ferguson—separate but equal, blacks can’t ride on white rail cars

106
Q

Homer Plessy

A

Homer Plessy—1/8 black and rode in whites-only section

107
Q

John Marshall Harlan

A

John Marshall Harlan—Supreme court justice from Kentucky who voted against separate but equal

108
Q

Benjamin Tillman

A

Benjamin Tillman—blacks must stay subordinate or be exterminated

109
Q

Alfred Waddell

A

Alfred Waddell—colonel who lead anti-black riots and was made mayor

110
Q

Cape Fear

A

Cape Fear—river where Waddell threatened to dump the black bodies

111
Q

The Wilmington Insurrection

A

The Wilmington Insurrection—Waddell and other whites rioted, killed blacks and overthrew the govt. the blacks established. 1st time a lawfully elected govt. was overthrown in US.

112
Q

James Plunkett

A

James Plunkett—walk a quiet life. Try not to get killed by the whites

113
Q

African American Churches

A

African American Churches—a hub for black community life. Religious and non-religious activities like social gatherings and political rallies

114
Q

Mary Terrel

A

Mary Terrell—first president of the NACW

115
Q

NACW

A

NACW—National Association of Colored Women. Tried to get rights for blacks.

116
Q

BTW

A

Booker T Washington—wanted to build a prospering economic community of blacks before worrying about social equality. Social equality could wait.

117
Q

Web dubois

A

WEB Dubois—criticized Washington, wanted immediate social equality

118
Q

Ceaseless agitation

A

ceaseless agitation—what blacks needed to gain political power

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